tld¶

Extract the top level domain (TLD) from the URL given. List of TLD names is taken from Public Suffix.

Optionally raises exceptions on non-existing TLDs or silently fails (if fail_silently argument is set to True).

Prerequisites¶

Python 3.9 or greater.

Documentation¶

Documentation is available on Read the Docs.

Installation¶

Latest stable version on PyPI:

pip install tld

Usage examples¶

In addition to examples below, see the jupyter notebook workbook file.

Get the TLD name as string from the URL given¶

from tld import get_tld

get_tld("http://www.google.co.uk")
# 'co.uk'

get_tld("http://www.google.idontexist", fail_silently=True)
# None

Get the TLD as an object¶

from tld import get_tld

res = get_tld("http://some.subdomain.google.co.uk", as_object=True)

res
# 'co.uk'

res.subdomain
# 'some.subdomain'

res.domain
# 'google'

res.tld
# 'co.uk'

res.fld
# 'google.co.uk'

res.parsed_url
# SplitResult(
#     scheme='http',
#     netloc='some.subdomain.google.co.uk',
#     path='',
#     query='',
#     fragment=''
# )

Get TLD name, ignoring the missing protocol¶

from tld import get_tld, get_fld

get_tld("www.google.co.uk", fix_protocol=True)
# 'co.uk'

get_fld("www.google.co.uk", fix_protocol=True)
# 'google.co.uk'

Return TLD parts as tuple¶

from tld import parse_tld

parse_tld('http://www.google.com')
# 'com', 'google', 'www'

Get the first level domain name as string from the URL given¶

from tld import get_fld

get_fld("http://www.google.co.uk")
# 'google.co.uk'

get_fld("http://www.google.idontexist", fail_silently=True)
# None

Check if some tld is a valid tld¶

from tld import is_tld

is_tld('co.uk')
# True

is_tld('uk')
# True

is_tld('tld.doesnotexist')
# False

is_tld('www.google.com')
# False

Update the list of TLD names¶

To update/sync the tld names with the most recent versions run the following from your terminal:

update-tld-names

Or simply do:

from tld.utils import update_tld_names

update_tld_names()

Note, that this will update all registered TLD source parsers (not only the list of TLD names taken from Mozilla). In order to run the update for a single parser, append uid of that parser as argument.

update-tld-names mozilla

Custom TLD parsers¶

By default list of TLD names is taken from Mozilla. Parsing implemented in the tld.utils.MozillaTLDSourceParser class. If you want to use another parser, subclass the tld.base.BaseTLDSourceParser, provide uid, source_url, local_path and implement the get_tld_names method. Take the tld.utils.MozillaTLDSourceParser as a good example of such implementation. You could then use get_tld (as well as other tld module functions) as shown below:

from tld import get_tld
from some.module import CustomTLDSourceParser

get_tld(
    "http://www.google.co.uk",
    parser_class=CustomTLDSourceParser
)

Custom list of TLD names¶

You could maintain your own custom version of the TLD names list (even multiple ones) and use them simultaneously with built in TLD names list.

You would then store them locally and provide a path to it as shown below:

from tld import get_tld
from tld.utils import BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser

class CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser(BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser):

    uid: str = 'custom_mozilla'
    local_path: str = 'tests/res/effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt'

get_tld(
    "http://www.foreverchild",
    parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
)
# 'foreverchild'

Same goes for first level domain names:

from tld import get_fld

get_fld(
    "http://www.foreverchild",
    parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
)
# 'www.foreverchild'

Note, that in both examples shown above, there the original TLD names file has been modified in the following way:

...
// ===BEGIN ICANN DOMAINS===

// This one actually does not exist, added for testing purposes
foreverchild
...

Free up resources¶

To free up memory occupied by loading of custom TLD names, use reset_tld_names function with tld_names_local_path parameter.

from tld import get_tld, reset_tld_names

# Get TLD from a custom TLD names parser
get_tld(
    "http://www.foreverchild",
    parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
)

# Free resources occupied by the custom TLD names list
reset_tld_names("tests/res/effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt")

Troubleshooting¶

If somehow domain names listed here are not recognised, make sure you have the most recent version of TLD names in your virtual environment:

update-tld-names

To update TLD names list for a single parser, specify it as an argument:

update-tld-names mozilla

Testing¶

Simply type:

pytest

Or use tox:

tox

Or use tox to check specific env:

tox -e py39

Writing documentation¶

Keep the following hierarchy.

=====
title
=====

header
======

sub-header
----------

sub-sub-header
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sub-sub-sub-header
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

sub-sub-sub-sub-header
++++++++++++++++++++++

sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-header
**************************

License¶

MPL-1.1 OR GPL-2.0-only OR LGPL-2.1-or-later

Support¶

For security issues contact me at the e-mail given in the Author section.

For overall issues, go to GitHub.

Author¶

Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>

Security Policy¶

Reporting a Vulnerability¶

Do not report security issues on GitHub!

Please report security issues by emailing Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>.

Supported Versions¶

Make sure to use the latest version.

The tree most recent tld release series receive security support.

For example, during the development cycle leading to the release of tld 0.12.x, support will be provided for tld 0.11.x, 0.10.x and 0.9.x.

Upon the release of tld 0.13.x, security support for tld 0.9.x will end.

┌─────────────────┬────────────────┐
│ Version         │ Supported      │
├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 0.12.x          │ Yes            │
├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 0.11.x          │ Yes            │
├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 0.10.x          │ Yes            │
├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 0.9.x           │ Yes            │
├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
│ < 0.9           │ No             │
└─────────────────┴────────────────┘

Contributor guidelines¶

Developer prerequisites¶

pre-commit¶

Refer to pre-commit for installation instructions.

TL;DR:

pip install pipx --user  # Install pipx
pipx install pre-commit  # Install pre-commit
pre-commit install  # Install pre-commit hooks

Installing pre-commit will ensure you adhere to the project code quality standards.

Code standards¶

ruff and doc8 will be automatically triggered by pre-commit. Still, if you want to run checks manually:

make doc8
make ruff

Requirements¶

Requirements are compiled using uv.

make compile-requirements
make compile-requirements-upgrade

Virtual environment¶

You are advised to work in virtual environment.

TL;DR:

make create-venv
make install

Documentation¶

Check documentation.

Testing¶

Check testing.

If you introduce changes or fixes, make sure to test them locally using all supported environments. For that use tox.

tox

In any case, GitHub Actions will catch potential errors, but using tox speeds things up.

Pull requests¶

Note

Always submit a pull request to dev branch. Never to main branch.

You can contribute to the project by making a pull request.

For example:

To fix documentation typos.
To improve documentation (for instance, to add new recipe or fix an existing recipe that doesn’t seem to work).
To improve performance.
To introduce a new feature.

General list to go through:

Does your change require documentation update?
Does your change require update to tests?
Does your change rely on third-party cloud based service? If so, please make sure it’s added to tests that should be retried a couple of times. Example: @pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=5).

When fixing bugs (in addition to the general list):

Make sure to add regression tests.

When adding a new feature (in addition to the general list):

Check the licenses of added dependencies carefully and make sure to list them in prerequisites.
Make sure to update the documentation (check whether the installation, usage examples and prerequisites require changes).

Questions¶

Questions can be asked on GitHub discussions.

Issues¶

For reporting a bug or filing a feature request use GitHub issues.

Do not report security issues on GitHub. Check the support section.

Release history and notes¶

Sequence based identifiers are used for versioning (schema follows below):

major.minor[.revision]

It’s always safe to upgrade within the same minor version (for example, from 0.3 to 0.3.4).
Minor version changes might be backwards incompatible. Read the release notes carefully before upgrading (for example, when upgrading from 0.3.4 to 0.4).
All backwards incompatible changes are mentioned in this document.

0.13.2¶

2026-03-06

Widen protol ranges.
Clean up.
Minor documentation fixes.
Tested against Python 3.14 and 3.15.

0.13.1¶

2025-05-20

Tested against Python 3.13.
Tested against Python 3.12.
Add documentation tests.
Updated bundled tld names.
Updated some tests to reflect changes in tld names.
Fixes in docs.
Merge pytest, mypy and coverage configs into pyproject.toml.
Drop Python 3.7 and 3.8 support. Minimum required version now is Python 3.8.

0.13¶

2023-02-28

Drop Python 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6 support. Minimum required version now is Python 3.7.

0.12.7¶

2023-02-01

Make sure to fail silently on bad URL patterns.
Tested against Python 3.11.
Tested against Python 3.10.
Updated bundled tld names.

0.12.6¶

2021-06-05

Move Registry class from tld.registry to tld.base.
Reformat code using black.
Log information on updated resources of the update_tld_names.

0.12.5¶

2021-01-11

Note

Release dedicated to defenders of Armenia and Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) and all the victims of Turkish and Azerbaijani aggression.

Fixed lower-cased parsed_url attributes (SplitResult) when getting tld as object (as_object=True).

0.12.4¶

2021-01-02

Tested against Python 3.9.

0.12.3¶

2020-11-26

Separate parsers for (a) public and private and (b) public only domains. This fixes a bug. If you want an old behaviour:

The following code would raise exception in past.

from tld import get_tld

get_tld(
    'http://silly.cc.ua',
    search_private=False
)

Now it would return ua.

get_tld(
    'http://silly.cc.ua',
    search_private=False
)

If you want old behavior, do as follows:

from tld.utils import MozillaTLDSourceParser

get_tld(
    'http://silly.cc.ua',
    search_private=False,
    parser_class=MozillaTLDSourceParser
)

Same goes for get_fld, process_url, parse_tld and is_tld functions.

0.12.2¶

2020-05-20

Add mozilla license to dist.
Fix MyPy issues.

0.12.1¶

2020-04-25

Note

In commemoration of Armenian Genocide.

Correctly handling domain names ending with dot(s).

0.12¶

2020-04-19

Use Public Suffix list instead of deprecated Mozilla’s MXR.

0.11.11¶

2020-03-10

Minor speed-ups, reduce memory usage.

0.11.10¶

2020-02-05

Python 2.7 and 3.5 fixes.

0.11.9¶

2019-12-16

Adding test TLDs list to the package.

0.11.8¶

2019-12-13

Minor fixes in setup.py.

0.11.7¶

2019-12-13

Note

There have been no code changes since 0.11.2. The only change is that support for Python 2.7 and 3.5 has been added.

Added support for Python 2.7.

0.11.6¶

2019-12-12

Targeted releases for all supported Python versions.

0.11.5¶

2019-12-12

Targeted releases for all supported Python versions.

0.11.4¶

2019-12-12

Changed order of the releases (Python 3.6 and up come first, then Python 3.5).
Make all distributions except Python 3.5 universal.

0.11.3¶

2019-12-12

Added missing resources to the Python 3.5 release.

0.11.2¶

2019-12-12

Bring back Python 3.5 support.

0.11.1¶

2019-12-11

Minor speed ups.
More on adding typing.

0.11¶

2019-12-09

Note

Since introduction of parser classes, usage of NAMES_SOURCE_URL and NAMES_LOCAL_PATH of the tld.conf module is deprecated. Also, tld_names_local_path and tld_names_source_url arguments are deprecated as well. If you want to customise things, implement your own parser (inherit from BaseTLDSourceParser).

Drop support for Python versions prior to 3.6.
Clean-up dependencies.
Introduce parsers.
Drop tld_names_source_url and tld_names_local_path introduced in the previous release.
Minor speed-ups (including tests).

0.10¶

2019-11-27

Note

This is the last release to support Python 2.

Make it possible to provide a custom path to the TLD names file.
Make it possible to free up some resources occupied due to loading custom tld names by calling the reset_tld_names function with tld_names_local_path parameter.

0.9.8¶

2019-11-15

Fix for occasional issue when some domains are not correctly recognised.

0.9.7¶

2019-10-30

Note

This release is dedicated to my newborn daughter. Happy birthday, my dear Ani.

Handling urls that are only a TLD.
Accepts already splitted URLs.
Tested against Python 3.8.

0.9.6¶

2019-09-12

Fix for update-tld-names returns a non-zero exit code on success (introduced with optimisations in 0.9.4).
Minor tests improvements.

0.9.5¶

2019-09-11

Tests improvements.

0.9.4¶

2019-09-11

Optimisations in setup.py, tests and console scripts.
Skip testing the update-tld-names functionality if no internet is available.

0.9.3¶

2019-04-05

Added is_tld function.
Docs updated.
Upgrade test suite.

0.9.2¶

2019-01-10

Fix an issue causing certain punycode TLDs to be deemed invalid.
Tested against Python 3.7.
Added tests for commands.
Dropped Python 2.6 support.
TLD source updated to the latest version.

0.9.1¶

2018-07-09

Correctly handling nested TLDs.

0.9¶

2018-06-14

Note

This release contains backward incompatible changes. You should update your code.

The active_only option has been removed from get_tld, get_fld and parse_url functions. Update your code accordingly.

Removed active_only option from get_tld, get_fld and parse_url functions.
Correctly handling exceptions (!) in the original TLD list.
Fixes in documentation.
Added parse_tld function.
Fixes the python setup.py test command.

0.8¶

2018-06-13

Note

This release contains backward incompatible changes. You should update your code.

Old get_tld functionality is moved to get_fld (first-level domain definition). The as_object argument (False by default) has been deprecated for get_fld.

res = get_tld("http://www.google.co.uk", as_object=True)

Old behaviour

In: res.domain
Out: 'google'

In: res.extension
Out: 'co.uk'

In: res.subdomain
Out: 'www'

In: res.suffix
Out: 'co.uk'

In: res.tld
Out: 'google.co.uk'

New behaviour

In: res.fld
Out: 'google.co.uk'

In: res.tld
Out: 'co.uk'

In: res.domain
Out: 'google'

In: res.subdomain
Out: 'www'

When used without as_object it returns co.uk.

Recap

If you have been happily using old version of get_tld function without as_object argument set to True, you might want to replace get_tld import with get_fld import:

# Old
from tld import get_tld
get_tld('http://google.co.uk')

# New
from tld import get_fld
get_fld('http://google.co.uk')

Move to a Trie to match TLDs. This brings a speed up of 15-20%.
It’s now possible to search in public, private or all suffixes (old behaviour). Use search_public and search_private arguments accordingly. By default (to support old behavior), both are set to True.
Correct TLD definitions.
Domains like *****.xn–fiqs8s are now recognized as well.
Due to usage of urlsplit instead of urlparse, the initial list of TLDs is assembled quicker (a speed-up of 15-20%).
Docs/ directory is included in source distribution tarball.
More tests.

0.7.10¶

2018-04-07

The fix_protocol argument respects protocol relative URLs.
Change year in the license.
Improved docstrings.
TLD source updated to the latest version.

0.7.9¶

2017-05-02

Added base path override for local .dat file.
python setup.py test can used to execute the tests

0.7.8¶

2017-02-19

Fix relative import in non-package for update-tls-names script. #15
get_tld got a new argument fix_protocol, which fixes the missing protocol, having prepended “https” if missing or incorrect.

0.7.7¶

2017-02-09

Tested against Python 3.5, 3.6 and PyPy.
pep8 fixes.
removed deprecated tld.update module. Use update-tld-names command instead.

0.7.6¶

2016-01-23

Minor fixes.

0.7.5¶

2015-11-22

Minor fixes.
Updated tld names file to the latest version.

0.7.4¶

2015-09-24

Exposed TLD initialization as get_tld_names.

0.7.3¶

2015-07-18

Support for wheel packages.
Fixed failure on some unicode domains.
TLD source updated to the latest version.
Documentation updated.

0.7.2¶

2014-09-28

Minor fixes.

0.7.1¶

2014-09-23

Force lower case of the URL for correct search.

0.7¶

2014-08-14

Making it possible to obtain object instead of just extracting the TLD by setting the as_object argument of get_tld function to True.

0.6.4¶

2014-05-21

Softened dependencies and lowered the six package version requirement to 1.4.0.
Documentation improvements.

0.6.3¶

2013-12-05

Speed up search

0.6.2¶

2013-12-03

Fix for URLs with a port not handled correctly.
Adding licenses.

0.6.1¶

2013-09-15

Minor fixes.
Credits added.

0.6¶

2013-09-12

Fixes for Python 3 (Windows encoding).

0.5¶

2013-09-13

Python 3 support added.

0.4¶

2013-08-03

Tiny code improvements.
Tests added.

Project source-tree¶

Below is the layout of the project (to 10 levels), followed by the contents of each key file.

Project directory layout¶

tld/
├── benchmarks
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── constants.py
│   ├── factories.py
│   ├── fallbacks.py
│   ├── profile.py
│   └── README.rst
├── docs
│   ├── conf.py
│   ├── contributor_guidelines.rst
│   ├── documentation.rst
│   ├── index.rst
│   ├── llms.rst
│   └── tld.rst
├── examples
│   ├── custom_tld_names_source
│   │   ├── res
│   │   │   └── effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── example.py
│   │   └── parser.py
│   ├── gae
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── data.py
│   │   ├── example.py
│   │   └── parser.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── README.rst
├── jupyter
│   ├── README.rst
│   └── tld.ipynb
├── requirements
│   ├── bench.in
│   └── bench.txt
├── scripts
│   └── runtests.sh
├── src
│   └── tld
│       ├── res
│       │   ├── effective_tld_names.dat.txt
│       │   └── effective_tld_names_public_only.dat.txt
│       ├── tests
│       │   ├── res
│       │   │   └── effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt
│       │   ├── __init__.py
│       │   ├── base.py
│       │   ├── test_commands.py
│       │   ├── test_core.py
│       │   └── test_registry.py
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── base.py
│       ├── conf.py
│       ├── defaults.py
│       ├── exceptions.py
│       ├── helpers.py
│       ├── py.typed
│       ├── registry.py
│       ├── result.py
│       ├── trie.py
│       └── utils.py
├── .coveralls.yml
├── .pth
├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
├── conftest.py
├── CONTRIBUTING.rst
├── CREDITS.rst
├── Makefile
├── MANIFEST.in
├── pyproject.toml
├── README.rst
├── requirements.txt
├── runtests.py
├── SECURITY.md
├── setup.cfg
├── setup.py
├── shell.py
├── tox.ini
└── tox_multi.ini

README.rst¶

===
tld
===
Extract the top level domain (TLD) from the URL given. List of TLD names is
taken from `Public Suffix <https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat>`_.

Optionally raises exceptions on non-existing TLDs or silently fails (if
``fail_silently`` argument is set to True).

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/tld.svg
   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tld
   :alt: PyPI Version

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/tld.svg
    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tld/
    :alt: Supported Python versions

.. image:: https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/workflows/test/badge.svg
   :target: https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/actions
   :alt: Build Status

.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/tld/badge/?version=latest
    :target: http://tld.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
    :alt: Documentation Status

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-llms.txt-blue
    :target: http://tld.readthedocs.io/en/latest/llms.txt
    :alt: llms.txt - documentation for LLMs

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MPL--1.1%20OR%20GPL--2.0--only%20OR%20LGPL--2.1--or--later-blue.svg
   :target: https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/#License
   :alt: MPL-1.1 OR GPL-2.0-only OR LGPL-2.1-or-later

.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/barseghyanartur/tld/badge.svg?branch=master&service=github
    :target: https://coveralls.io/github/barseghyanartur/tld?branch=master
    :alt: Coverage

Prerequisites
=============
- Python 3.9 or greater.

Documentation
=============
Documentation is available on `Read the Docs
<http://tld.readthedocs.io/>`_.

Installation
============
Latest stable version on PyPI:

.. code-block:: sh

    pip install tld

Usage examples
==============
In addition to examples below, see the `jupyter notebook <jupyter/>`_
workbook file.

Get the TLD name **as string** from the URL given
-------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_tld_name_as_string_from_url_given

    from tld import get_tld

    get_tld("http://www.google.co.uk")
    # 'co.uk'

    get_tld("http://www.google.idontexist", fail_silently=True)
    # None

Get the TLD as **an object**
----------------------------
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_tld_name_as_an_object

    from tld import get_tld

    res = get_tld("http://some.subdomain.google.co.uk", as_object=True)

    res
    # 'co.uk'

    res.subdomain
    # 'some.subdomain'

    res.domain
    # 'google'

    res.tld
    # 'co.uk'

    res.fld
    # 'google.co.uk'

    res.parsed_url
    # SplitResult(
    #     scheme='http',
    #     netloc='some.subdomain.google.co.uk',
    #     path='',
    #     query='',
    #     fragment=''
    # )

Get TLD name, **ignoring the missing protocol**
-----------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_tld_name_ignoring_the_missing_protocol

    from tld import get_tld, get_fld

    get_tld("www.google.co.uk", fix_protocol=True)
    # 'co.uk'

    get_fld("www.google.co.uk", fix_protocol=True)
    # 'google.co.uk'

Return TLD parts as tuple
-------------------------
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_tld_parts_as_tuple

    from tld import parse_tld

    parse_tld('http://www.google.com')
    # 'com', 'google', 'www'

Get the first level domain name **as string** from the URL given
----------------------------------------------------------------
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_first_level_domain_name_as_string_from_url_given

    from tld import get_fld

    get_fld("http://www.google.co.uk")
    # 'google.co.uk'

    get_fld("http://www.google.idontexist", fail_silently=True)
    # None

Check if some tld is a valid tld
--------------------------------

.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_check_if_some_tld_is_a_valid_tld

    from tld import is_tld

    is_tld('co.uk')
    # True

    is_tld('uk')
    # True

    is_tld('tld.doesnotexist')
    # False

    is_tld('www.google.com')
    # False

Update the list of TLD names
============================
To update/sync the tld names with the most recent versions run the following
from your terminal:

.. code-block:: sh

    update-tld-names

Or simply do:

.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_update_the_list_of_tld_names

    from tld.utils import update_tld_names

    update_tld_names()

Note, that this will update all registered TLD source parsers (not only the
list of TLD names taken from Mozilla). In order to run the update for a single
parser, append ``uid`` of that parser as argument.

.. code-block:: sh

    update-tld-names mozilla

Custom TLD parsers
==================
By default list of TLD names is taken from Mozilla. Parsing implemented in
the ``tld.utils.MozillaTLDSourceParser`` class. If you want to use another
parser, subclass the ``tld.base.BaseTLDSourceParser``, provide ``uid``,
``source_url``, ``local_path`` and implement the ``get_tld_names`` method.
Take the ``tld.utils.MozillaTLDSourceParser`` as a good example of such
implementation. You could then use ``get_tld`` (as well as other ``tld``
module functions) as shown below:

.. pytestfixture: custom_tld_source_parser
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_custom_tld_source_parser

    from tld import get_tld
    from some.module import CustomTLDSourceParser

    get_tld(
        "http://www.google.co.uk",
        parser_class=CustomTLDSourceParser
    )

Custom list of TLD names
========================
You could maintain your own custom version of the TLD names list (even multiple
ones) and use them simultaneously with built in TLD names list.

You would then store them locally and provide a path to it as shown below:

.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_tld_custom_list_of_tld_names

    from tld import get_tld
    from tld.utils import BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser

    class CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser(BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser):

        uid: str = 'custom_mozilla'
        local_path: str = 'tests/res/effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt'

    get_tld(
        "http://www.foreverchild",
        parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
    )
    # 'foreverchild'

Same goes for first level domain names:

.. continue: test_get_tld_custom_list_of_tld_names
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_get_fld_custom_list_of_tld_names

    from tld import get_fld

    get_fld(
        "http://www.foreverchild",
        parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
    )
    # 'www.foreverchild'

Note, that in both examples shown above, there the original TLD names file has
been modified in the following way:

.. code-block:: text

    ...
    // ===BEGIN ICANN DOMAINS===

    // This one actually does not exist, added for testing purposes
    foreverchild
    ...

Free up resources
=================
To free up memory occupied by loading of custom TLD names, use
``reset_tld_names`` function with ``tld_names_local_path`` parameter.

.. continue: test_get_tld_custom_list_of_tld_names
.. code-block:: python
    :name: test_free_up_resources

    from tld import get_tld, reset_tld_names

    # Get TLD from a custom TLD names parser
    get_tld(
        "http://www.foreverchild",
        parser_class=CustomBaseMozillaTLDSourceParser
    )

    # Free resources occupied by the custom TLD names list
    reset_tld_names("tests/res/effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt")

Troubleshooting
===============
If somehow domain names listed `here <https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat>`_
are not recognised, make sure you have the most recent version of TLD names in
your virtual environment:

.. code-block:: sh

    update-tld-names

To update TLD names list for a single parser, specify it as an argument:

.. code-block:: sh

    update-tld-names mozilla

Testing
=======
Simply type:

.. code-block:: sh

    pytest

Or use tox:

.. code-block:: sh

    tox

Or use tox to check specific env:

.. code-block:: sh

    tox -e py39

Writing documentation
=====================

Keep the following hierarchy.

.. code-block:: text

    =====
    title
    =====

    header
    ======

    sub-header
    ----------

    sub-sub-header
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    sub-sub-sub-header
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

    sub-sub-sub-sub-header
    ++++++++++++++++++++++

    sub-sub-sub-sub-sub-header
    **************************

License
=======
MPL-1.1 OR GPL-2.0-only OR LGPL-2.1-or-later

Support
=======
For security issues contact me at the e-mail given in the `Author`_ section.

For overall issues, go to `GitHub <https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/issues>`_.

Author
======
Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>

CONTRIBUTING.rst¶

Contributor guidelines
======================

.. _documentation: https://tld.readthedocs.io/#writing-documentation
.. _testing: https://tld.readthedocs.io/#testing
.. _pre-commit: https://pre-commit.com/#installation
.. _doc8: https://doc8.readthedocs.io/
.. _ruff: https://beta.ruff.rs/docs/
.. _uv: https://github.com/astral-sh/uv
.. _issues: https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/issues
.. _discussions: https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/discussions
.. _pull request: https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/pulls
.. _support: https://tld.readthedocs.io/#support
.. _installation: https://tld.readthedocs.io/#installation
.. _usage examples: https://tld.readthedocs.io/#usage-examples
.. _prerequisites: https://tld.readthedocs.io/#prerequisites

Developer prerequisites
-----------------------
pre-commit
~~~~~~~~~~
Refer to `pre-commit`_ for installation instructions.

TL;DR:

.. code-block:: sh

    pip install pipx --user  # Install pipx
    pipx install pre-commit  # Install pre-commit
    pre-commit install  # Install pre-commit hooks

Installing `pre-commit`_ will ensure you adhere to the project code quality
standards.

Code standards
--------------
`ruff`_ and `doc8`_ will be automatically triggered by
`pre-commit`_. Still, if you want to run checks manually:

.. code-block:: sh

    make doc8
    make ruff

Requirements
------------
Requirements are compiled using `uv`_.

.. code-block:: sh

    make compile-requirements
    make compile-requirements-upgrade

Virtual environment
-------------------
You are advised to work in virtual environment.

TL;DR:

.. code-block:: sh

    make create-venv
    make install

Documentation
-------------
Check `documentation`_.

Testing
-------
Check `testing`_.

If you introduce changes or fixes, make sure to test them locally using
all supported environments. For that use tox.

.. code-block:: sh

    tox

In any case, GitHub Actions will catch potential errors, but using tox speeds
things up.

Pull requests
-------------
.. note::

    Always submit a pull request to `dev` branch. Never to `main` branch.

You can contribute to the project by making a `pull request`_.

For example:

- To fix documentation typos.
- To improve documentation (for instance, to add new recipe or fix
  an existing recipe that doesn't seem to work).
- To improve performance.
- To introduce a new feature.

**General list to go through:**

- Does your change require documentation update?
- Does your change require update to tests?
- Does your change rely on third-party cloud based service? If so, please
  make sure it's added to tests that should be retried a couple of times.
  Example: ``@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=5)``.

**When fixing bugs (in addition to the general list):**

- Make sure to add regression tests.

**When adding a new feature (in addition to the general list):**

- Check the licenses of added dependencies carefully and make sure to list them
  in `prerequisites`_.
- Make sure to update the documentation (check whether the `installation`_,
  `usage examples`_ and `prerequisites`_ require changes).

Questions
---------
Questions can be asked on GitHub `discussions`_.

Issues
------
For reporting a bug or filing a feature request use GitHub `issues`_.

**Do not report security issues on GitHub**. Check the `support`_ section.

.coveralls.yml¶

service_name: github-actions

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md¶

Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
====================================

Our Pledge
----------

We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in
our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of
age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex
characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience,
education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance,
race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.

We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open,
welcoming, diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.

Our Standards
-------------

Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
community include:

-  Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
-  Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
-  Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
-  Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our
   mistakes, and learning from the experience
-  Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
   overall community

Examples of unacceptable behavior include:

-  The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
   advances of any kind
-  Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political
   attacks
-  Public or private harassment
-  Publishing others’ private information, such as a physical or email
   address, without their explicit permission
-  Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
   professional setting

Enforcement Responsibilities
----------------------------

Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our
standards of acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair
corrective action in response to any behavior that they deem
inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.

Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or
reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other
contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will
communicate reasons for moderation decisions when appropriate.

Scope
-----

This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also
applies when an individual is officially representing the community in
public spaces. Examples of representing our community include using an
official e-mail address, posting via an official social media account,
or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event.

Enforcement
-----------

Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may
be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
artur.barseghyan@gmail.com. All complaints will be reviewed and
investigated promptly and fairly.

All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security
of the reporter of any incident.

Enforcement Guidelines
----------------------

Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in
determining the consequences for any action they deem in violation of
this Code of Conduct:

1. Correction
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior
deemed unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.

**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders,
providing clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation
of why the behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be
requested.

2. Warning
~~~~~~~~~~

**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of
actions.

**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of
time. This includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as
external channels like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a
temporary or permanent ban.

3. Temporary Ban
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards,
including sustained inappropriate behavior.

**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
communication with the community for a specified period of time. No
public or private interaction with the people involved, including
unsolicited interaction with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is
allowed during this period. Violating these terms may lead to a
permanent ban.

4. Permanent Ban
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of
individuals.

**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction
within the community.

Attribution
-----------

This Code of Conduct is adapted from the `Contributor
Covenant <https://www.contributor-covenant.org>`__, version 2.0,
available at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.

Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by `Mozilla’s code of conduct
enforcement ladder <https://github.com/mozilla/diversity>`__.

For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ
at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available
at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.

CREDITS.rst¶

Credits
=======
Authors
-------
- Artur Barseghyan

Contributors
------------
See the full list of contributors on `GitHub
<https://github.com/barseghyanartur/tld/graphs/contributors>`_.

SECURITY.md¶

Security Policy
===============
Reporting a Vulnerability
-------------------------
**Do not report security issues on GitHub!**

Please report security issues by emailing Artur Barseghyan
<artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>.

Supported Versions
------------------
**Make sure to use the latest version.**

The tree most recent ``tld`` release series receive security support.

For example, during the development cycle leading to the release
of ``tld`` 0.12.x, support will be provided for ``tld`` 0.11.x, 0.10.x
and 0.9.x.

Upon the release of ``tld`` 0.13.x, security support for ``tld`` 0.9.x
will end.

.. code-block:: text

    ┌─────────────────┬────────────────┐
    │ Version         │ Supported      │
    ├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
    │ 0.12.x          │ Yes            │
    ├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
    │ 0.11.x          │ Yes            │
    ├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
    │ 0.10.x          │ Yes            │
    ├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
    │ 0.9.x           │ Yes            │
    ├─────────────────┼────────────────┤
    │ < 0.9           │ No             │
    └─────────────────┴────────────────┘

benchmarks/README.rst¶

Benchmarks
==========
To have a quick view on tld only calls:

.. code-block:: sh

    pycallgraph --include="tld.*" graphviz -- benchmarks/profile.py

benchmarks/init.py¶

benchmarks/__init__.py¶

benchmarks/constants.py¶

__all__ = (
    "TEST_CYCLES",
    "URLS",
    "URLS_COUNT",
)

URLS_COUNT = 10000

URLS = [
    "http://www.google.co.uk",
    "http://www.v2.google.co.uk",
    "http://www.google.co.uk:8001/lorem-ipsum/",
    "http://www.me.cloudfront.net",
    "http://www.v2.forum.tech.google.co.uk:8001/lorem-ipsum/",
    "https://pantheon.io/",
    "delusionalinsanity.com",
    "www.baidu.com.cn",
    "i.dont.exist",
    "http://delusionalinsanity.com",
]

TEST_CYCLES = 10000

benchmarks/factories.py¶

from constants import URLS_COUNT
from fake import FAKER

__all__ = ("URLS",)

URLS = [FAKER.url() for _ in range(URLS_COUNT)]

benchmarks/fallbacks.py¶

from functools import wraps

__all__ = ("profile",)


def profile(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        return func(*args, **kwargs)

    return wrapped

benchmarks/profile.py¶

import os
import sys

from tld import get_tld

path = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__name__)), "benchmarks")

sys.path.insert(0, path)

from constants import TEST_CYCLES, URLS  # noqa

try:
    if callable(profile):  # noqa
        pass
except Exception:
    from fallbacks import profile


@profile
def main():
    for _ in range(TEST_CYCLES):
        for url in URLS:
            get_tld(
                url,
                fix_protocol=True,
                search_public=True,
                search_private=True,
                fail_silently=True,
            )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

conftest.py¶

import sys
import types
import pytest

from tld.base import BaseTLDSourceParser
from tld.trie import Trie


@pytest.fixture
def custom_tld_source_parser():
    """
    Dynamically injects `some.module` into sys.modules with a
    CustomTLDSourceParser class, then cleans up after the test.
    """

    # 1. Create the parent package "some" and the child module "some.module"
    some_pkg = types.ModuleType("some")
    some_pkg.__path__ = []  # marks it as a package
    some_mod = types.ModuleType("some.module")

    # 2. Define CustomTLDSourceParser as a real Python class
    class CustomTLDSourceParser(BaseTLDSourceParser):
        """A custom TLD source parser injected via fixture.

        `get_tld_names` must yield lines in Mozilla Public Suffix List format:
            - plain entries like "uk", "co.uk"
            - wildcard entries like "*.uk"
            - exception entries like "!metro.tokyo.jp"
            - blank lines and // comments are ignored

        For "http://www.google.co.uk" to resolve as "co.uk", we need both
        "uk" and "co.uk" registered so the parser picks the most specific
        match.
        """

        uid: str = "test-custom-parser"
        # A no-op placeholder URL — never fetched during tests since
        # get_tld_names is fully overridden and returns inline data
        source_url: str = "https://example.com/test-tld-list.dat"
        # Points to /dev/null so no real file I/O can occur
        local_path: str = "/dev/null"
        include_private: bool = True

        @classmethod
        def get_tld_names(
            cls,
            fail_silently: bool = False,
            retry_count: int = 0,
        ):
            # Return an iterator of (tld_string, private_domain: bool) tuples
            # or whatever the tld library expects from a parser
            trie = Trie()
            trie.add("uk", private=False)
            trie.add("co.uk", private=False)

            return {cls.local_path: trie}

    # 3. Attach the class to the module and wire up the package
    some_mod.CustomTLDSourceParser = CustomTLDSourceParser
    some_pkg.module = some_mod

    # 4. Inject into sys.modules
    sys.modules["some"] = some_pkg
    sys.modules["some.module"] = some_mod

    yield CustomTLDSourceParser  # optionally yield the class for direct use

    # 5. Cleanup — remove both entries so other tests aren't affected
    sys.modules.pop("some.module", None)
    sys.modules.pop("some", None)

docs/conf.py¶

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# tld documentation build configuration file, created by
# sphinx-quickstart on Sun May 12 18:34:31 2013.
#
# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir.
#
# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
# autogenerated file.
#
# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
# serve to show the default.

import os
import sys

# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join("..", "src")))

try:
    import tld

    version = tld.__version__
except Exception:
    version = "0.1"

# -- General configuration -----------------------------------------------------

# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
# needs_sphinx = '1.0'

# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
extensions = ["sphinx.ext.autodoc", "sphinx.ext.viewcode"]

# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
templates_path = ["_templates"]

# The suffix of source filenames.
source_suffix = ".rst"
exclude_patterns = ["**/tests"]

# The encoding of source files.
# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'

# The master toctree document.
master_doc = "index"

# General information about the project.
project = "tld"
copyright = "2013, Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>"

# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
# built documents.
#
# The short X.Y version.
# version = '0.6.3'
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
release = version

# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
# for a list of supported languages.
# language = None

# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
# non-false value, then it is used:
# today = ''
# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'

# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
exclude_patterns = ["_build"]

# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.
# default_role = None

# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
# add_function_parentheses = True

# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
# unit titles (such as .. function::).
# add_module_names = True

# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
# output. They are ignored by default.
# show_authors = False

# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
pygments_style = "sphinx"

# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
# modindex_common_prefix = []

# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
# keep_warnings = False


# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------------

# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
# a list of builtin themes.
html_theme = "default"

# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
# documentation.
# html_theme_options = {}

# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
# html_theme_path = []

# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
# "<project> v<release> documentation".
# html_title = None

# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
# html_short_title = None

# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
# of the sidebar.
# html_logo = None

# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
# docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
# pixels large.
# html_favicon = None

# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
html_static_path = ["_static"]

# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
# using the given strftime format.
# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'

# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
# typographically correct entities.
# html_use_smartypants = True

# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
# html_sidebars = {}

# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
# template names.
# html_additional_pages = {}

# If false, no module index is generated.
# html_domain_indices = True

# If false, no index is generated.
# html_use_index = True

# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
# html_split_index = False

# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
# html_show_sourcelink = True

# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
# html_show_sphinx = True

# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
# html_show_copyright = True

# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
# html_use_opensearch = ''

# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
# html_file_suffix = None

# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
htmlhelp_basename = "tlddoc"

# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------

latex_elements = {
    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
    # 'preamble': '',
}

# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
latex_documents = [
    (
        "index",
        "tld.tex",
        "tld Documentation",
        "Artur Barseghyan \\textless{}"
        "artur.barseghyan@gmail.com\\textgreater{}",
        "manual",
    ),
]

# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
# the title page.
# latex_logo = None

# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
# not chapters.
# latex_use_parts = False

# If true, show page references after internal links.
# latex_show_pagerefs = False

# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
# latex_show_urls = False

# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
# latex_appendices = []

# If false, no module index is generated.
# latex_domain_indices = True


# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------------

# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
man_pages = [
    (
        "index",
        "tld",
        "tld Documentation",
        ["Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>"],
        1,
    )
]

# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
# man_show_urls = False


# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------

# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author,
#  dir menu entry, description, category)
texinfo_documents = [
    (
        "index",
        "tld",
        "tld Documentation",
        "Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>",
        "tld",
        "Extract the top level domain (TLD) from the URL given.",
        "Miscellaneous",
    ),
]

# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
# texinfo_appendices = []

# If false, no module index is generated.
# texinfo_domain_indices = True

# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'

# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False


# -- Options for Epub output ---------------------------------------------------

# Bibliographic Dublin Core info.
epub_title = "tld"
epub_author = "Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>"
epub_publisher = "Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>"
epub_copyright = "2013, Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>"

# The language of the text. It defaults to the language option
# or en if the language is not set.
# epub_language = ''

# The scheme of the identifier. Typical schemes are ISBN or URL.
# epub_scheme = ''

# The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number
# or the project homepage.
# epub_identifier = ''

# A unique identification for the text.
# epub_uid = ''

# A tuple containing the cover image and cover page html template filenames.
# epub_cover = ()

# A sequence of (type, uri, title) tuples for the guide element of content.opf.
# epub_guide = ()

# HTML files that should be inserted before the pages created by sphinx.
# The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
# epub_pre_files = []

# HTML files shat should be inserted after the pages created by sphinx.
# The format is a list of tuples containing the path and title.
# epub_post_files = []

# A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file.
# epub_exclude_files = []

# The depth of the table of contents in toc.ncx.
# epub_tocdepth = 3

# Allow duplicate toc entries.
# epub_tocdup = True

# Fix unsupported image types using the PIL.
# epub_fix_images = False

# Scale large images.
# epub_max_image_width = 0

# If 'no', URL addresses will not be shown.
# epub_show_urls = 'inline'

# If false, no index is generated.
# epub_use_index = True

docs/contributor_guidelines.rst¶

.. include:: ../CONTRIBUTING.rst

docs/documentation.rst¶

Project documentation
=====================

Contents:

.. contents:: Table of Contents

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 20

   index
   security
   code_of_conduct
   contributor_guidelines
   changelog
   tld

Indices and tables
==================

* :ref:`genindex`
* :ref:`modindex`
* :ref:`search`

docs/index.rst¶

.. include:: ../README.rst
.. include:: documentation.rst

docs/llms.rst¶

.. include:: ../README.rst

----

.. include:: security.rst

----

.. include:: contributor_guidelines.rst

----

.. include:: changelog.rst

----

.. include:: source_tree.rst

docs/tld.rst¶

tld package
===========

Submodules
----------

tld.base module
---------------

.. automodule:: tld.base
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.conf module
---------------

.. automodule:: tld.conf
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.defaults module
-------------------

.. automodule:: tld.defaults
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.exceptions module
---------------------

.. automodule:: tld.exceptions
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.helpers module
------------------

.. automodule:: tld.helpers
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.registry module
-------------------

.. automodule:: tld.registry
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.result module
-----------------

.. automodule:: tld.result
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.trie module
---------------

.. automodule:: tld.trie
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

tld.utils module
----------------

.. automodule:: tld.utils
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

Module contents
---------------

.. automodule:: tld
   :members:
   :undoc-members:
   :show-inheritance:

examples/README.rst¶

Examples
========

Google app engine
-----------------
.. code-block:: sh

    python examples/gae/example.py

Custom TLD names source
-----------------------
.. code-block:: sh

    python examples/custom_tld_names_source/example.py

examples/init.py¶

examples/__init__.py¶

examples/custom_tld_names_source/init.py¶

examples/custom_tld_names_source/__init__.py¶

examples/custom_tld_names_source/example.py¶

from parser import CustomMozillaTLDSourceParser

from tld import get_tld

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(
        get_tld(
            "http://www.google.bazar",
            parser_class=CustomMozillaTLDSourceParser,
        )
    )

    print(
        get_tld(
            "https://www.john.app.os.fedoraproject.bit",
            parser_class=CustomMozillaTLDSourceParser,
        )
    )

examples/custom_tld_names_source/parser.py¶

import os

from tld.utils import BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser

__all__ = ("CustomMozillaTLDSourceParser",)


class CustomMozillaTLDSourceParser(BaseMozillaTLDSourceParser):
    uid = "custom_mozilla"
    local_path = os.path.join(
        "..",
        "..",
        "examples",
        "custom_tld_names_source",
        "res",
        "effective_tld_names_custom.dat.txt",
    )

examples/gae/init.py¶

examples/gae/__init__.py¶

examples/gae/data.py¶

RAW_TLD_NAMES_DATA = """// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

// Please pull this list from, and only from https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat,
// rather than any other VCS sites. Pulling from any other URL is not guaranteed to be supported.

// Instructions on pulling and using this list can be found at https://publicsuffix.org/list/.

// ===BEGIN ICANN DOMAINS===

// ac : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ac
ac
com.ac
edu.ac
gov.ac
net.ac
mil.ac
org.ac

// ad : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ad
ad
nom.ad

// ae : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ae
// see also: "Domain Name Eligibility Policy" at http://www.aeda.ae/eng/aepolicy.php
ae
co.ae
net.ae
org.ae
sch.ae
ac.ae
gov.ae
mil.ae

// aero : see https://www.information.aero/index.php?id=66
aero
accident-investigation.aero
accident-prevention.aero
aerobatic.aero
aeroclub.aero
aerodrome.aero
agents.aero
aircraft.aero
airline.aero
airport.aero
air-surveillance.aero
airtraffic.aero
air-traffic-control.aero
ambulance.aero
amusement.aero
association.aero
author.aero
ballooning.aero
broker.aero
caa.aero
cargo.aero
catering.aero
certification.aero
championship.aero
charter.aero
civilaviation.aero
club.aero
conference.aero
consultant.aero
consulting.aero
control.aero
council.aero
crew.aero
design.aero
dgca.aero
educator.aero
emergency.aero
engine.aero
engineer.aero
entertainment.aero
equipment.aero
exchange.aero
express.aero
federation.aero
flight.aero
fuel.aero
gliding.aero
government.aero
groundhandling.aero
group.aero
hanggliding.aero
homebuilt.aero
insurance.aero
journal.aero
journalist.aero
leasing.aero
logistics.aero
magazine.aero
maintenance.aero
media.aero
microlight.aero
modelling.aero
navigation.aero
parachuting.aero
paragliding.aero
passenger-association.aero
pilot.aero
press.aero
production.aero
recreation.aero
repbody.aero
res.aero
research.aero
rotorcraft.aero
safety.aero
scientist.aero
services.aero
show.aero
skydiving.aero
software.aero
student.aero
trader.aero
trading.aero
trainer.aero
union.aero
workinggroup.aero
works.aero

// af : http://www.nic.af/help.jsp
af
gov.af
com.af
org.af
net.af
edu.af

// ag : http://www.nic.ag/prices.htm
ag
com.ag
org.ag
net.ag
co.ag
nom.ag

// ai : http://nic.com.ai/
ai
off.ai
com.ai
net.ai
org.ai

// al : http://www.ert.gov.al/ert_alb/faq_det.html?Id=31
al
com.al
edu.al
gov.al
mil.al
net.al
org.al

// am : https://www.amnic.net/policy/en/Policy_EN.pdf
am
co.am
com.am
commune.am
net.am
org.am

// ao : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ao
// http://www.dns.ao/REGISTR.DOC
ao
ed.ao
gv.ao
og.ao
co.ao
pb.ao
it.ao

// aq : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.aq
aq

// ar : https://nic.ar/nic-argentina/normativa-vigente
ar
com.ar
edu.ar
gob.ar
gov.ar
int.ar
mil.ar
musica.ar
net.ar
org.ar
tur.ar

// arpa : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.arpa
// Confirmed by registry <iana-questions@icann.org> 2008-06-18
arpa
e164.arpa
in-addr.arpa
ip6.arpa
iris.arpa
uri.arpa
urn.arpa

// as : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.as
as
gov.as

// asia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.asia
asia

// at : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.at
// Confirmed by registry <it@nic.at> 2008-06-17
at
ac.at
co.at
gv.at
or.at
sth.ac.at

// au : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.au
// http://www.auda.org.au/
au
// 2LDs
com.au
net.au
org.au
edu.au
gov.au
asn.au
id.au
// Historic 2LDs (closed to new registration, but sites still exist)
info.au
conf.au
oz.au
// CGDNs - http://www.cgdn.org.au/
act.au
nsw.au
nt.au
qld.au
sa.au
tas.au
vic.au
wa.au
// 3LDs
act.edu.au
catholic.edu.au
// eq.edu.au - Removed at the request of the Queensland Department of Education
nsw.edu.au
nt.edu.au
qld.edu.au
sa.edu.au
tas.edu.au
vic.edu.au
wa.edu.au
// act.gov.au  Bug 984824 - Removed at request of Greg Tankard
// nsw.gov.au  Bug 547985 - Removed at request of <Shae.Donelan@services.nsw.gov.au>
// nt.gov.au  Bug 940478 - Removed at request of Greg Connors <Greg.Connors@nt.gov.au>
qld.gov.au
sa.gov.au
tas.gov.au
vic.gov.au
wa.gov.au
// 4LDs
education.tas.edu.au
schools.nsw.edu.au

// aw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.aw
aw
com.aw

// ax : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ax
ax

// az : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.az
az
com.az
net.az
int.az
gov.az
org.az
edu.az
info.az
pp.az
mil.az
name.az
pro.az
biz.az

// ba : http://nic.ba/users_data/files/pravilnik_o_registraciji.pdf
ba
com.ba
edu.ba
gov.ba
mil.ba
net.ba
org.ba

// bb : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bb
bb
biz.bb
co.bb
com.bb
edu.bb
gov.bb
info.bb
net.bb
org.bb
store.bb
tv.bb

// bd : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bd
*.bd

// be : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.be
// Confirmed by registry <tech@dns.be> 2008-06-08
be
ac.be

// bf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bf
bf
gov.bf

// bg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bg
// https://www.register.bg/user/static/rules/en/index.html
bg
a.bg
b.bg
c.bg
d.bg
e.bg
f.bg
g.bg
h.bg
i.bg
j.bg
k.bg
l.bg
m.bg
n.bg
o.bg
p.bg
q.bg
r.bg
s.bg
t.bg
u.bg
v.bg
w.bg
x.bg
y.bg
z.bg
0.bg
1.bg
2.bg
3.bg
4.bg
5.bg
6.bg
7.bg
8.bg
9.bg

// bh : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bh
bh
com.bh
edu.bh
net.bh
org.bh
gov.bh

// bi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bi
// http://whois.nic.bi/
bi
co.bi
com.bi
edu.bi
or.bi
org.bi

// biz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.biz
biz

// bj : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bj
bj
asso.bj
barreau.bj
gouv.bj

// bm : http://www.bermudanic.bm/dnr-text.txt
bm
com.bm
edu.bm
gov.bm
net.bm
org.bm

// bn : http://www.bnnic.bn/faqs
bn
com.bn
edu.bn
gov.bn
net.bn
org.bn

// bo : https://nic.bo/delegacion2015.php#h-1.10
bo
com.bo
edu.bo
gob.bo
int.bo
org.bo
net.bo
mil.bo
tv.bo
web.bo
// Social Domains
academia.bo
agro.bo
arte.bo
blog.bo
bolivia.bo
ciencia.bo
cooperativa.bo
democracia.bo
deporte.bo
ecologia.bo
economia.bo
empresa.bo
indigena.bo
industria.bo
info.bo
medicina.bo
movimiento.bo
musica.bo
natural.bo
nombre.bo
noticias.bo
patria.bo
politica.bo
profesional.bo
plurinacional.bo
pueblo.bo
revista.bo
salud.bo
tecnologia.bo
tksat.bo
transporte.bo
wiki.bo

// br : http://registro.br/dominio/categoria.html
// Submitted by registry <fneves@registro.br>
br
9guacu.br
abc.br
adm.br
adv.br
agr.br
aju.br
am.br
anani.br
aparecida.br
arq.br
art.br
ato.br
b.br
barueri.br
belem.br
bhz.br
bio.br
blog.br
bmd.br
boavista.br
bsb.br
campinagrande.br
campinas.br
caxias.br
cim.br
cng.br
cnt.br
com.br
contagem.br
coop.br
cri.br
cuiaba.br
curitiba.br
def.br
ecn.br
eco.br
edu.br
emp.br
eng.br
esp.br
etc.br
eti.br
far.br
feira.br
flog.br
floripa.br
fm.br
fnd.br
fortal.br
fot.br
foz.br
fst.br
g12.br
ggf.br
goiania.br
gov.br
// gov.br 26 states + df https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Brazil
ac.gov.br
al.gov.br
am.gov.br
ap.gov.br
ba.gov.br
ce.gov.br
df.gov.br
es.gov.br
go.gov.br
ma.gov.br
mg.gov.br
ms.gov.br
mt.gov.br
pa.gov.br
pb.gov.br
pe.gov.br
pi.gov.br
pr.gov.br
rj.gov.br
rn.gov.br
ro.gov.br
rr.gov.br
rs.gov.br
sc.gov.br
se.gov.br
sp.gov.br
to.gov.br
gru.br
imb.br
ind.br
inf.br
jab.br
jampa.br
jdf.br
joinville.br
jor.br
jus.br
leg.br
lel.br
londrina.br
macapa.br
maceio.br
manaus.br
maringa.br
mat.br
med.br
mil.br
morena.br
mp.br
mus.br
natal.br
net.br
niteroi.br
*.nom.br
not.br
ntr.br
odo.br
ong.br
org.br
osasco.br
palmas.br
poa.br
ppg.br
pro.br
psc.br
psi.br
pvh.br
qsl.br
radio.br
rec.br
recife.br
ribeirao.br
rio.br
riobranco.br
riopreto.br
salvador.br
sampa.br
santamaria.br
santoandre.br
saobernardo.br
saogonca.br
sjc.br
slg.br
slz.br
sorocaba.br
srv.br
taxi.br
tc.br
teo.br
the.br
tmp.br
trd.br
tur.br
tv.br
udi.br
vet.br
vix.br
vlog.br
wiki.br
zlg.br

// bs : http://www.nic.bs/rules.html
bs
com.bs
net.bs
org.bs
edu.bs
gov.bs

// bt : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bt
bt
com.bt
edu.bt
gov.bt
net.bt
org.bt

// bv : No registrations at this time.
// Submitted by registry <jarle@uninett.no>
bv

// bw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bw
// http://www.gobin.info/domainname/bw.doc
// list of other 2nd level tlds ?
bw
co.bw
org.bw

// by : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.by
// http://tld.by/rules_2006_en.html
// list of other 2nd level tlds ?
by
gov.by
mil.by
// Official information does not indicate that com.by is a reserved
// second-level domain, but it's being used as one (see www.google.com.by and
// www.yahoo.com.by, for example), so we list it here for safety's sake.
com.by

// http://hoster.by/
of.by

// bz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bz
// http://www.belizenic.bz/
bz
com.bz
net.bz
org.bz
edu.bz
gov.bz

// ca : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ca
ca
// ca geographical names
ab.ca
bc.ca
mb.ca
nb.ca
nf.ca
nl.ca
ns.ca
nt.ca
nu.ca
on.ca
pe.ca
qc.ca
sk.ca
yk.ca
// gc.ca: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gc.ca
// see also: http://registry.gc.ca/en/SubdomainFAQ
gc.ca

// cat : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cat
cat

// cc : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cc
cc

// cd : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cd
// see also: https://www.nic.cd/domain/insertDomain_2.jsp?act=1
cd
gov.cd

// cf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cf
cf

// cg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cg
cg

// ch : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ch
ch

// ci : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ci
// http://www.nic.ci/index.php?page=charte
ci
org.ci
or.ci
com.ci
co.ci
edu.ci
ed.ci
ac.ci
net.ci
go.ci
asso.ci
aéroport.ci
int.ci
presse.ci
md.ci
gouv.ci

// ck : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ck
*.ck
!www.ck

// cl : https://www.nic.cl
// Confirmed by .CL registry <hsalgado@nic.cl>
cl
aprendemas.cl
co.cl
gob.cl
gov.cl
mil.cl

// cm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cm plus bug 981927
cm
co.cm
com.cm
gov.cm
net.cm

// cn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cn
// Submitted by registry <tanyaling@cnnic.cn>
cn
ac.cn
com.cn
edu.cn
gov.cn
net.cn
org.cn
mil.cn
公司.cn
网络.cn
網絡.cn
// cn geographic names
ah.cn
bj.cn
cq.cn
fj.cn
gd.cn
gs.cn
gz.cn
gx.cn
ha.cn
hb.cn
he.cn
hi.cn
hl.cn
hn.cn
jl.cn
js.cn
jx.cn
ln.cn
nm.cn
nx.cn
qh.cn
sc.cn
sd.cn
sh.cn
sn.cn
sx.cn
tj.cn
xj.cn
xz.cn
yn.cn
zj.cn
hk.cn
mo.cn
tw.cn

// co : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.co
// Submitted by registry <tecnico@uniandes.edu.co>
co
arts.co
com.co
edu.co
firm.co
gov.co
info.co
int.co
mil.co
net.co
nom.co
org.co
rec.co
web.co

// com : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com
com

// coop : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.coop
coop

// cr : http://www.nic.cr/niccr_publico/showRegistroDominiosScreen.do
cr
ac.cr
co.cr
ed.cr
fi.cr
go.cr
or.cr
sa.cr

// cu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cu
cu
com.cu
edu.cu
org.cu
net.cu
gov.cu
inf.cu

// cv : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cv
cv

// cw : http://www.una.cw/cw_registry/
// Confirmed by registry <registry@una.net> 2013-03-26
cw
com.cw
edu.cw
net.cw
org.cw

// cx : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cx
// list of other 2nd level tlds ?
cx
gov.cx

// cy : http://www.nic.cy/
// Submitted by registry Panayiotou Fotia <cydns@ucy.ac.cy>
cy
ac.cy
biz.cy
com.cy
ekloges.cy
gov.cy
ltd.cy
name.cy
net.cy
org.cy
parliament.cy
press.cy
pro.cy
tm.cy

// cz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cz
cz

// de : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.de
// Confirmed by registry <ops@denic.de> (with technical
// reservations) 2008-07-01
de

// dj : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dj
dj

// dk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dk
// Confirmed by registry <robert@dk-hostmaster.dk> 2008-06-17
dk

// dm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dm
dm
com.dm
net.dm
org.dm
edu.dm
gov.dm

// do : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.do
do
art.do
com.do
edu.do
gob.do
gov.do
mil.do
net.do
org.do
sld.do
web.do

// dz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dz
dz
com.dz
org.dz
net.dz
gov.dz
edu.dz
asso.dz
pol.dz
art.dz

// ec : http://www.nic.ec/reg/paso1.asp
// Submitted by registry <vabboud@nic.ec>
ec
com.ec
info.ec
net.ec
fin.ec
k12.ec
med.ec
pro.ec
org.ec
edu.ec
gov.ec
gob.ec
mil.ec

// edu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.edu
edu

// ee : http://www.eenet.ee/EENet/dom_reeglid.html#lisa_B
ee
edu.ee
gov.ee
riik.ee
lib.ee
med.ee
com.ee
pri.ee
aip.ee
org.ee
fie.ee

// eg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.eg
eg
com.eg
edu.eg
eun.eg
gov.eg
mil.eg
name.eg
net.eg
org.eg
sci.eg

// er : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.er
*.er

// es : https://www.nic.es/site_ingles/ingles/dominios/index.html
es
com.es
nom.es
org.es
gob.es
edu.es

// et : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.et
et
com.et
gov.et
org.et
edu.et
biz.et
name.et
info.et
net.et

// eu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.eu
eu

// fi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fi
fi
// aland.fi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ax
// This domain is being phased out in favor of .ax. As there are still many
// domains under aland.fi, we still keep it on the list until aland.fi is
// completely removed.
// TODO: Check for updates (expected to be phased out around Q1/2009)
aland.fi

// fj : http://domains.fj/
// Submitted by registry <garth.miller@cocca.org.nz> 2020-02-11
fj
ac.fj
biz.fj
com.fj
gov.fj
info.fj
mil.fj
name.fj
net.fj
org.fj
pro.fj

// fk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fk
*.fk

// fm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fm
fm

// fo : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fo
fo

// fr : http://www.afnic.fr/
// domaines descriptifs : https://www.afnic.fr/medias/documents/Cadre_legal/Afnic_Naming_Policy_12122016_VEN.pdf
fr
asso.fr
com.fr
gouv.fr
nom.fr
prd.fr
tm.fr
// domaines sectoriels : https://www.afnic.fr/en/products-and-services/the-fr-tld/sector-based-fr-domains-4.html
aeroport.fr
avocat.fr
avoues.fr
cci.fr
chambagri.fr
chirurgiens-dentistes.fr
experts-comptables.fr
geometre-expert.fr
greta.fr
huissier-justice.fr
medecin.fr
notaires.fr
pharmacien.fr
port.fr
veterinaire.fr

// ga : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ga
ga

// gb : This registry is effectively dormant
// Submitted by registry <Damien.Shaw@ja.net>
gb

// gd : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gd
gd

// ge : http://www.nic.net.ge/policy_en.pdf
ge
com.ge
edu.ge
gov.ge
org.ge
mil.ge
net.ge
pvt.ge

// gf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gf
gf

// gg : http://www.channelisles.net/register-domains/
// Confirmed by registry <nigel@channelisles.net> 2013-11-28
gg
co.gg
net.gg
org.gg

// gh : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gh
// see also: http://www.nic.gh/reg_now.php
// Although domains directly at second level are not possible at the moment,
// they have been possible for some time and may come back.
gh
com.gh
edu.gh
gov.gh
org.gh
mil.gh

// gi : http://www.nic.gi/rules.html
gi
com.gi
ltd.gi
gov.gi
mod.gi
edu.gi
org.gi

// gl : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gl
// http://nic.gl
gl
co.gl
com.gl
edu.gl
net.gl
org.gl

// gm : http://www.nic.gm/htmlpages%5Cgm-policy.htm
gm

// gn : http://psg.com/dns/gn/gn.txt
// Submitted by registry <randy@psg.com>
gn
ac.gn
com.gn
edu.gn
gov.gn
org.gn
net.gn

// gov : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gov
gov

// gp : http://www.nic.gp/index.php?lang=en
gp
com.gp
net.gp
mobi.gp
edu.gp
org.gp
asso.gp

// gq : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gq
gq

// gr : https://grweb.ics.forth.gr/english/1617-B-2005.html
// Submitted by registry <segred@ics.forth.gr>
gr
com.gr
edu.gr
net.gr
org.gr
gov.gr

// gs : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gs
gs

// gt : http://www.gt/politicas_de_registro.html
gt
com.gt
edu.gt
gob.gt
ind.gt
mil.gt
net.gt
org.gt

// gu : http://gadao.gov.gu/register.html
// University of Guam : https://www.uog.edu
// Submitted by uognoc@triton.uog.edu
gu
com.gu
edu.gu
gov.gu
guam.gu
info.gu
net.gu
org.gu
web.gu

// gw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gw
gw

// gy : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gy
// http://registry.gy/
gy
co.gy
com.gy
edu.gy
gov.gy
net.gy
org.gy

// hk : https://www.hkirc.hk
// Submitted by registry <hk.tech@hkirc.hk>
hk
com.hk
edu.hk
gov.hk
idv.hk
net.hk
org.hk
公司.hk
教育.hk
敎育.hk
政府.hk
個人.hk
个人.hk
箇人.hk
網络.hk
网络.hk
组織.hk
網絡.hk
网絡.hk
组织.hk
組織.hk
組织.hk

// hm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.hm
hm

// hn : http://www.nic.hn/politicas/ps02,,05.html
hn
com.hn
edu.hn
org.hn
net.hn
mil.hn
gob.hn

// hr : http://www.dns.hr/documents/pdf/HRTLD-regulations.pdf
hr
iz.hr
from.hr
name.hr
com.hr

// ht : http://www.nic.ht/info/charte.cfm
ht
com.ht
shop.ht
firm.ht
info.ht
adult.ht
net.ht
pro.ht
org.ht
med.ht
art.ht
coop.ht
pol.ht
asso.ht
edu.ht
rel.ht
gouv.ht
perso.ht

// hu : http://www.domain.hu/domain/English/sld.html
// Confirmed by registry <pasztor@iszt.hu> 2008-06-12
hu
co.hu
info.hu
org.hu
priv.hu
sport.hu
tm.hu
2000.hu
agrar.hu
bolt.hu
casino.hu
city.hu
erotica.hu
erotika.hu
film.hu
forum.hu
games.hu
hotel.hu
ingatlan.hu
jogasz.hu
konyvelo.hu
lakas.hu
media.hu
news.hu
reklam.hu
sex.hu
shop.hu
suli.hu
szex.hu
tozsde.hu
utazas.hu
video.hu

// id : https://pandi.id/en/domain/registration-requirements/
id
ac.id
biz.id
co.id
desa.id
go.id
mil.id
my.id
net.id
or.id
ponpes.id
sch.id
web.id

// ie : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ie
ie
gov.ie

// il : http://www.isoc.org.il/domains/
il
ac.il
co.il
gov.il
idf.il
k12.il
muni.il
net.il
org.il

// im : https://www.nic.im/
// Submitted by registry <info@nic.im>
im
ac.im
co.im
com.im
ltd.co.im
net.im
org.im
plc.co.im
tt.im
tv.im

// in : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.in
// see also: https://registry.in/Policies
// Please note, that nic.in is not an official eTLD, but used by most
// government institutions.
in
co.in
firm.in
net.in
org.in
gen.in
ind.in
nic.in
ac.in
edu.in
res.in
gov.in
mil.in

// info : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.info
info

// int : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.int
// Confirmed by registry <iana-questions@icann.org> 2008-06-18
int
eu.int

// io : http://www.nic.io/rules.html
// list of other 2nd level tlds ?
io
com.io

// iq : http://www.cmc.iq/english/iq/iqregister1.htm
iq
gov.iq
edu.iq
mil.iq
com.iq
org.iq
net.iq

// ir : http://www.nic.ir/Terms_and_Conditions_ir,_Appendix_1_Domain_Rules
// Also see http://www.nic.ir/Internationalized_Domain_Names
// Two <iran>.ir entries added at request of <tech-team@nic.ir>, 2010-04-16
ir
ac.ir
co.ir
gov.ir
id.ir
net.ir
org.ir
sch.ir
// xn--mgba3a4f16a.ir (<iran>.ir, Persian YEH)
ایران.ir
// xn--mgba3a4fra.ir (<iran>.ir, Arabic YEH)
ايران.ir

// is : http://www.isnic.is/domain/rules.php
// Confirmed by registry <marius@isgate.is> 2008-12-06
is
net.is
com.is
edu.is
gov.is
org.is
int.is

// it : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.it
it
gov.it
edu.it
// Reserved geo-names (regions and provinces):
// https://www.nic.it/sites/default/files/archivio/docs/Regulation_assignation_v7.1.pdf
// Regions
abr.it
abruzzo.it
aosta-valley.it
aostavalley.it
bas.it
basilicata.it
cal.it
calabria.it
cam.it
campania.it
emilia-romagna.it
emiliaromagna.it
emr.it
friuli-v-giulia.it
friuli-ve-giulia.it
friuli-vegiulia.it
friuli-venezia-giulia.it
friuli-veneziagiulia.it
friuli-vgiulia.it
friuliv-giulia.it
friulive-giulia.it
friulivegiulia.it
friulivenezia-giulia.it
friuliveneziagiulia.it
friulivgiulia.it
fvg.it
laz.it
lazio.it
lig.it
liguria.it
lom.it
lombardia.it
lombardy.it
lucania.it
mar.it
marche.it
mol.it
molise.it
piedmont.it
piemonte.it
pmn.it
pug.it
puglia.it
sar.it
sardegna.it
sardinia.it
sic.it
sicilia.it
sicily.it
taa.it
tos.it
toscana.it
trentin-sud-tirol.it
trentin-süd-tirol.it
trentin-sudtirol.it
trentin-südtirol.it
trentin-sued-tirol.it
trentin-suedtirol.it
trentino-a-adige.it
trentino-aadige.it
trentino-alto-adige.it
trentino-altoadige.it
trentino-s-tirol.it
trentino-stirol.it
trentino-sud-tirol.it
trentino-süd-tirol.it
trentino-sudtirol.it
trentino-südtirol.it
trentino-sued-tirol.it
trentino-suedtirol.it
trentino.it
trentinoa-adige.it
trentinoaadige.it
trentinoalto-adige.it
trentinoaltoadige.it
trentinos-tirol.it
trentinostirol.it
trentinosud-tirol.it
trentinosüd-tirol.it
trentinosudtirol.it
trentinosüdtirol.it
trentinosued-tirol.it
trentinosuedtirol.it
trentinsud-tirol.it
trentinsüd-tirol.it
trentinsudtirol.it
trentinsüdtirol.it
trentinsued-tirol.it
trentinsuedtirol.it
tuscany.it
umb.it
umbria.it
val-d-aosta.it
val-daosta.it
vald-aosta.it
valdaosta.it
valle-aosta.it
valle-d-aosta.it
valle-daosta.it
valleaosta.it
valled-aosta.it
valledaosta.it
vallee-aoste.it
vallée-aoste.it
vallee-d-aoste.it
vallée-d-aoste.it
valleeaoste.it
valléeaoste.it
valleedaoste.it
valléedaoste.it
vao.it
vda.it
ven.it
veneto.it
// Provinces
ag.it
agrigento.it
al.it
alessandria.it
alto-adige.it
altoadige.it
an.it
ancona.it
andria-barletta-trani.it
andria-trani-barletta.it
andriabarlettatrani.it
andriatranibarletta.it
ao.it
aosta.it
aoste.it
ap.it
aq.it
aquila.it
ar.it
arezzo.it
ascoli-piceno.it
ascolipiceno.it
asti.it
at.it
av.it
avellino.it
ba.it
balsan-sudtirol.it
balsan-südtirol.it
balsan-suedtirol.it
balsan.it
bari.it
barletta-trani-andria.it
barlettatraniandria.it
belluno.it
benevento.it
bergamo.it
bg.it
bi.it
biella.it
bl.it
bn.it
bo.it
bologna.it
bolzano-altoadige.it
bolzano.it
bozen-sudtirol.it
bozen-südtirol.it
bozen-suedtirol.it
bozen.it
br.it
brescia.it
brindisi.it
bs.it
bt.it
bulsan-sudtirol.it
bulsan-südtirol.it
bulsan-suedtirol.it
bulsan.it
bz.it
ca.it
cagliari.it
caltanissetta.it
campidano-medio.it
campidanomedio.it
campobasso.it
carbonia-iglesias.it
carboniaiglesias.it
carrara-massa.it
carraramassa.it
caserta.it
catania.it
catanzaro.it
cb.it
ce.it
cesena-forli.it
cesena-forlì.it
cesenaforli.it
cesenaforlì.it
ch.it
chieti.it
ci.it
cl.it
cn.it
co.it
como.it
cosenza.it
cr.it
cremona.it
crotone.it
cs.it
ct.it
cuneo.it
cz.it
dell-ogliastra.it
dellogliastra.it
en.it
enna.it
fc.it
fe.it
fermo.it
ferrara.it
fg.it
fi.it
firenze.it
florence.it
fm.it
foggia.it
forli-cesena.it
forlì-cesena.it
forlicesena.it
forlìcesena.it
fr.it
frosinone.it
ge.it
genoa.it
genova.it
go.it
gorizia.it
gr.it
grosseto.it
iglesias-carbonia.it
iglesiascarbonia.it
im.it
imperia.it
is.it
isernia.it
kr.it
la-spezia.it
laquila.it
laspezia.it
latina.it
lc.it
le.it
lecce.it
lecco.it
li.it
livorno.it
lo.it
lodi.it
lt.it
lu.it
lucca.it
macerata.it
mantova.it
massa-carrara.it
massacarrara.it
matera.it
mb.it
mc.it
me.it
medio-campidano.it
mediocampidano.it
messina.it
mi.it
milan.it
milano.it
mn.it
mo.it
modena.it
monza-brianza.it
monza-e-della-brianza.it
monza.it
monzabrianza.it
monzaebrianza.it
monzaedellabrianza.it
ms.it
mt.it
na.it
naples.it
napoli.it
no.it
novara.it
nu.it
nuoro.it
og.it
ogliastra.it
olbia-tempio.it
olbiatempio.it
or.it
oristano.it
ot.it
pa.it
padova.it
padua.it
palermo.it
parma.it
pavia.it
pc.it
pd.it
pe.it
perugia.it
pesaro-urbino.it
pesarourbino.it
pescara.it
pg.it
pi.it
piacenza.it
pisa.it
pistoia.it
pn.it
po.it
pordenone.it
potenza.it
pr.it
prato.it
pt.it
pu.it
pv.it
pz.it
ra.it
ragusa.it
ravenna.it
rc.it
re.it
reggio-calabria.it
reggio-emilia.it
reggiocalabria.it
reggioemilia.it
rg.it
ri.it
rieti.it
rimini.it
rm.it
rn.it
ro.it
roma.it
rome.it
rovigo.it
sa.it
salerno.it
sassari.it
savona.it
si.it
siena.it
siracusa.it
so.it
sondrio.it
sp.it
sr.it
ss.it
suedtirol.it
südtirol.it
sv.it
ta.it
taranto.it
te.it
tempio-olbia.it
tempioolbia.it
teramo.it
terni.it
tn.it
to.it
torino.it
tp.it
tr.it
trani-andria-barletta.it
trani-barletta-andria.it
traniandriabarletta.it
tranibarlettaandria.it
trapani.it
trento.it
treviso.it
trieste.it
ts.it
turin.it
tv.it
ud.it
udine.it
urbino-pesaro.it
urbinopesaro.it
va.it
varese.it
vb.it
vc.it
ve.it
venezia.it
venice.it
verbania.it
vercelli.it
verona.it
vi.it
vibo-valentia.it
vibovalentia.it
vicenza.it
viterbo.it
vr.it
vs.it
vt.it
vv.it

// je : http://www.channelisles.net/register-domains/
// Confirmed by registry <nigel@channelisles.net> 2013-11-28
je
co.je
net.je
org.je

// jm : http://www.com.jm/register.html
*.jm

// jo : http://www.dns.jo/Registration_policy.aspx
jo
com.jo
org.jo
net.jo
edu.jo
sch.jo
gov.jo
mil.jo
name.jo

// jobs : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.jobs
jobs

// jp : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.jp
// http://jprs.co.jp/en/jpdomain.html
// Submitted by registry <info@jprs.jp>
jp
// jp organizational type names
ac.jp
ad.jp
co.jp
ed.jp
go.jp
gr.jp
lg.jp
ne.jp
or.jp
// jp prefecture type names
aichi.jp
akita.jp
aomori.jp
chiba.jp
ehime.jp
fukui.jp
fukuoka.jp
fukushima.jp
gifu.jp
gunma.jp
hiroshima.jp
hokkaido.jp
hyogo.jp
ibaraki.jp
ishikawa.jp
iwate.jp
kagawa.jp
kagoshima.jp
kanagawa.jp
kochi.jp
kumamoto.jp
kyoto.jp
mie.jp
miyagi.jp
miyazaki.jp
nagano.jp
nagasaki.jp
nara.jp
niigata.jp
oita.jp
okayama.jp
okinawa.jp
osaka.jp
saga.jp
saitama.jp
shiga.jp
shimane.jp
shizuoka.jp
tochigi.jp
tokushima.jp
tokyo.jp
tottori.jp
toyama.jp
wakayama.jp
yamagata.jp
yamaguchi.jp
yamanashi.jp
栃木.jp
愛知.jp
愛媛.jp
兵庫.jp
熊本.jp
茨城.jp
北海道.jp
千葉.jp
和歌山.jp
長崎.jp
長野.jp
新潟.jp
青森.jp
静岡.jp
東京.jp
石川.jp
埼玉.jp
三重.jp
京都.jp
佐賀.jp
大分.jp
大阪.jp
奈良.jp
宮城.jp
宮崎.jp
富山.jp
山口.jp
山形.jp
山梨.jp
岩手.jp
岐阜.jp
岡山.jp
島根.jp
広島.jp
徳島.jp
沖縄.jp
滋賀.jp
神奈川.jp
福井.jp
福岡.jp
福島.jp
秋田.jp
群馬.jp
香川.jp
高知.jp
鳥取.jp
鹿児島.jp
// jp geographic type names
// http://jprs.jp/doc/rule/saisoku-1.html
*.kawasaki.jp
*.kitakyushu.jp
*.kobe.jp
*.nagoya.jp
*.sapporo.jp
*.sendai.jp
*.yokohama.jp
!city.kawasaki.jp
!city.kitakyushu.jp
!city.kobe.jp
!city.nagoya.jp
!city.sapporo.jp
!city.sendai.jp
!city.yokohama.jp
// 4th level registration
aisai.aichi.jp
ama.aichi.jp
anjo.aichi.jp
asuke.aichi.jp
chiryu.aichi.jp
chita.aichi.jp
fuso.aichi.jp
gamagori.aichi.jp
handa.aichi.jp
hazu.aichi.jp
hekinan.aichi.jp
higashiura.aichi.jp
ichinomiya.aichi.jp
inazawa.aichi.jp
inuyama.aichi.jp
isshiki.aichi.jp
iwakura.aichi.jp
kanie.aichi.jp
kariya.aichi.jp
kasugai.aichi.jp
kira.aichi.jp
kiyosu.aichi.jp
komaki.aichi.jp
konan.aichi.jp
kota.aichi.jp
mihama.aichi.jp
miyoshi.aichi.jp
nishio.aichi.jp
nisshin.aichi.jp
obu.aichi.jp
oguchi.aichi.jp
oharu.aichi.jp
okazaki.aichi.jp
owariasahi.aichi.jp
seto.aichi.jp
shikatsu.aichi.jp
shinshiro.aichi.jp
shitara.aichi.jp
tahara.aichi.jp
takahama.aichi.jp
tobishima.aichi.jp
toei.aichi.jp
togo.aichi.jp
tokai.aichi.jp
tokoname.aichi.jp
toyoake.aichi.jp
toyohashi.aichi.jp
toyokawa.aichi.jp
toyone.aichi.jp
toyota.aichi.jp
tsushima.aichi.jp
yatomi.aichi.jp
akita.akita.jp
daisen.akita.jp
fujisato.akita.jp
gojome.akita.jp
hachirogata.akita.jp
happou.akita.jp
higashinaruse.akita.jp
honjo.akita.jp
honjyo.akita.jp
ikawa.akita.jp
kamikoani.akita.jp
kamioka.akita.jp
katagami.akita.jp
kazuno.akita.jp
kitaakita.akita.jp
kosaka.akita.jp
kyowa.akita.jp
misato.akita.jp
mitane.akita.jp
moriyoshi.akita.jp
nikaho.akita.jp
noshiro.akita.jp
odate.akita.jp
oga.akita.jp
ogata.akita.jp
semboku.akita.jp
yokote.akita.jp
yurihonjo.akita.jp
aomori.aomori.jp
gonohe.aomori.jp
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kaneyama.yamagata.jp
kawanishi.yamagata.jp
mamurogawa.yamagata.jp
mikawa.yamagata.jp
murayama.yamagata.jp
nagai.yamagata.jp
nakayama.yamagata.jp
nanyo.yamagata.jp
nishikawa.yamagata.jp
obanazawa.yamagata.jp
oe.yamagata.jp
oguni.yamagata.jp
ohkura.yamagata.jp
oishida.yamagata.jp
sagae.yamagata.jp
sakata.yamagata.jp
sakegawa.yamagata.jp
shinjo.yamagata.jp
shirataka.yamagata.jp
shonai.yamagata.jp
takahata.yamagata.jp
tendo.yamagata.jp
tozawa.yamagata.jp
tsuruoka.yamagata.jp
yamagata.yamagata.jp
yamanobe.yamagata.jp
yonezawa.yamagata.jp
yuza.yamagata.jp
abu.yamaguchi.jp
hagi.yamaguchi.jp
hikari.yamaguchi.jp
hofu.yamaguchi.jp
iwakuni.yamaguchi.jp
kudamatsu.yamaguchi.jp
mitou.yamaguchi.jp
nagato.yamaguchi.jp
oshima.yamaguchi.jp
shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp
shunan.yamaguchi.jp
tabuse.yamaguchi.jp
tokuyama.yamaguchi.jp
toyota.yamaguchi.jp
ube.yamaguchi.jp
yuu.yamaguchi.jp
chuo.yamanashi.jp
doshi.yamanashi.jp
fuefuki.yamanashi.jp
fujikawa.yamanashi.jp
fujikawaguchiko.yamanashi.jp
fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp
hayakawa.yamanashi.jp
hokuto.yamanashi.jp
ichikawamisato.yamanashi.jp
kai.yamanashi.jp
kofu.yamanashi.jp
koshu.yamanashi.jp
kosuge.yamanashi.jp
minami-alps.yamanashi.jp
minobu.yamanashi.jp
nakamichi.yamanashi.jp
nanbu.yamanashi.jp
narusawa.yamanashi.jp
nirasaki.yamanashi.jp
nishikatsura.yamanashi.jp
oshino.yamanashi.jp
otsuki.yamanashi.jp
showa.yamanashi.jp
tabayama.yamanashi.jp
tsuru.yamanashi.jp
uenohara.yamanashi.jp
yamanakako.yamanashi.jp
yamanashi.yamanashi.jp

// ke : http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php/en/ke-domains/ke-domains
ke
ac.ke
co.ke
go.ke
info.ke
me.ke
mobi.ke
ne.ke
or.ke
sc.ke

// kg : http://www.domain.kg/dmn_n.html
kg
org.kg
net.kg
com.kg
edu.kg
gov.kg
mil.kg

// kh : http://www.mptc.gov.kh/dns_registration.htm
*.kh

// ki : http://www.ki/dns/index.html
ki
edu.ki
biz.ki
net.ki
org.ki
gov.ki
info.ki
com.ki

// km : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.km
// http://www.domaine.km/documents/charte.doc
km
org.km
nom.km
gov.km
prd.km
tm.km
edu.km
mil.km
ass.km
com.km
// These are only mentioned as proposed suggestions at domaine.km, but
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.km says they're available for registration:
coop.km
asso.km
presse.km
medecin.km
notaires.km
pharmaciens.km
veterinaire.km
gouv.km

// kn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kn
// http://www.dot.kn/domainRules.html
kn
net.kn
org.kn
edu.kn
gov.kn

// kp : http://www.kcce.kp/en_index.php
kp
com.kp
edu.kp
gov.kp
org.kp
rep.kp
tra.kp

// kr : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kr
// see also: http://domain.nida.or.kr/eng/registration.jsp
kr
ac.kr
co.kr
es.kr
go.kr
hs.kr
kg.kr
mil.kr
ms.kr
ne.kr
or.kr
pe.kr
re.kr
sc.kr
// kr geographical names
busan.kr
chungbuk.kr
chungnam.kr
daegu.kr
daejeon.kr
gangwon.kr
gwangju.kr
gyeongbuk.kr
gyeonggi.kr
gyeongnam.kr
incheon.kr
jeju.kr
jeonbuk.kr
jeonnam.kr
seoul.kr
ulsan.kr

// kw : https://www.nic.kw/policies/
// Confirmed by registry <nic.tech@citra.gov.kw>
kw
com.kw
edu.kw
emb.kw
gov.kw
ind.kw
net.kw
org.kw

// ky : http://www.icta.ky/da_ky_reg_dom.php
// Confirmed by registry <kysupport@perimeterusa.com> 2008-06-17
ky
edu.ky
gov.ky
com.ky
org.ky
net.ky

// kz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kz
// see also: http://www.nic.kz/rules/index.jsp
kz
org.kz
edu.kz
net.kz
gov.kz
mil.kz
com.kz

// la : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.la
// Submitted by registry <gavin.brown@nic.la>
la
int.la
net.la
info.la
edu.la
gov.la
per.la
com.la
org.la

// lb : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.lb
// Submitted by registry <randy@psg.com>
lb
com.lb
edu.lb
gov.lb
net.lb
org.lb

// lc : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.lc
// see also: http://www.nic.lc/rules.htm
lc
com.lc
net.lc
co.lc
org.lc
edu.lc
gov.lc

// li : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.li
li

// lk : http://www.nic.lk/seclevpr.html
lk
gov.lk
sch.lk
net.lk
int.lk
com.lk
org.lk
edu.lk
ngo.lk
soc.lk
web.lk
ltd.lk
assn.lk
grp.lk
hotel.lk
ac.lk

// lr : http://psg.com/dns/lr/lr.txt
// Submitted by registry <randy@psg.com>
lr
com.lr
edu.lr
gov.lr
org.lr
net.lr

// ls : http://www.nic.ls/
// Confirmed by registry <lsadmin@nic.ls>
ls
ac.ls
biz.ls
co.ls
edu.ls
gov.ls
info.ls
net.ls
org.ls
sc.ls

// lt : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.lt
lt
// gov.lt : http://www.gov.lt/index_en.php
gov.lt

// lu : http://www.dns.lu/en/
lu

// lv : http://www.nic.lv/DNS/En/generic.php
lv
com.lv
edu.lv
gov.lv
org.lv
mil.lv
id.lv
net.lv
asn.lv
conf.lv

// ly : http://www.nic.ly/regulations.php
ly
com.ly
net.ly
gov.ly
plc.ly
edu.ly
sch.ly
med.ly
org.ly
id.ly

// ma : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ma
// http://www.anrt.ma/fr/admin/download/upload/file_fr782.pdf
ma
co.ma
net.ma
gov.ma
org.ma
ac.ma
press.ma

// mc : http://www.nic.mc/
mc
tm.mc
asso.mc

// md : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.md
md

// me : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.me
me
co.me
net.me
org.me
edu.me
ac.me
gov.me
its.me
priv.me

// mg : http://nic.mg/nicmg/?page_id=39
mg
org.mg
nom.mg
gov.mg
prd.mg
tm.mg
edu.mg
mil.mg
com.mg
co.mg

// mh : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mh
mh

// mil : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mil
mil

// mk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mk
// see also: http://dns.marnet.net.mk/postapka.php
mk
com.mk
org.mk
net.mk
edu.mk
gov.mk
inf.mk
name.mk

// ml : http://www.gobin.info/domainname/ml-template.doc
// see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ml
ml
com.ml
edu.ml
gouv.ml
gov.ml
net.ml
org.ml
presse.ml

// mm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mm
*.mm

// mn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mn
mn
gov.mn
edu.mn
org.mn

// mo : http://www.monic.net.mo/
mo
com.mo
net.mo
org.mo
edu.mo
gov.mo

// mobi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mobi
mobi

// mp : http://www.dot.mp/
// Confirmed by registry <dcamacho@saipan.com> 2008-06-17
mp

// mq : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mq
mq

// mr : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mr
mr
gov.mr

// ms : http://www.nic.ms/pdf/MS_Domain_Name_Rules.pdf
ms
com.ms
edu.ms
gov.ms
net.ms
org.ms

// mt : https://www.nic.org.mt/go/policy
// Submitted by registry <help@nic.org.mt>
mt
com.mt
edu.mt
net.mt
org.mt

// mu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mu
mu
com.mu
net.mu
org.mu
gov.mu
ac.mu
co.mu
or.mu

// museum : http://about.museum/naming/
// http://index.museum/
museum
academy.museum
agriculture.museum
air.museum
airguard.museum
alabama.museum
alaska.museum
amber.museum
ambulance.museum
american.museum
americana.museum
americanantiques.museum
americanart.museum
amsterdam.museum
and.museum
annefrank.museum
anthro.museum
anthropology.museum
antiques.museum
aquarium.museum
arboretum.museum
archaeological.museum
archaeology.museum
architecture.museum
art.museum
artanddesign.museum
artcenter.museum
artdeco.museum
arteducation.museum
artgallery.museum
arts.museum
artsandcrafts.museum
asmatart.museum
assassination.museum
assisi.museum
association.museum
astronomy.museum
atlanta.museum
austin.museum
australia.museum
automotive.museum
aviation.museum
axis.museum
badajoz.museum
baghdad.museum
bahn.museum
bale.museum
baltimore.museum
barcelona.museum
baseball.museum
basel.museum
baths.museum
bauern.museum
beauxarts.museum
beeldengeluid.museum
bellevue.museum
bergbau.museum
berkeley.museum
berlin.museum
bern.museum
bible.museum
bilbao.museum
bill.museum
birdart.museum
birthplace.museum
bonn.museum
boston.museum
botanical.museum
botanicalgarden.museum
botanicgarden.museum
botany.museum
brandywinevalley.museum
brasil.museum
bristol.museum
british.museum
britishcolumbia.museum
broadcast.museum
brunel.museum
brussel.museum
brussels.museum
bruxelles.museum
building.museum
burghof.museum
bus.museum
bushey.museum
cadaques.museum
california.museum
cambridge.museum
can.museum
canada.museum
capebreton.museum
carrier.museum
cartoonart.museum
casadelamoneda.museum
castle.museum
castres.museum
celtic.museum
center.museum
chattanooga.museum
cheltenham.museum
chesapeakebay.museum
chicago.museum
children.museum
childrens.museum
childrensgarden.museum
chiropractic.museum
chocolate.museum
christiansburg.museum
cincinnati.museum
cinema.museum
circus.museum
civilisation.museum
civilization.museum
civilwar.museum
clinton.museum
clock.museum
coal.museum
coastaldefence.museum
cody.museum
coldwar.museum
collection.museum
colonialwilliamsburg.museum
coloradoplateau.museum
columbia.museum
columbus.museum
communication.museum
communications.museum
community.museum
computer.museum
computerhistory.museum
comunicações.museum
contemporary.museum
contemporaryart.museum
convent.museum
copenhagen.museum
corporation.museum
correios-e-telecomunicações.museum
corvette.museum
costume.museum
countryestate.museum
county.museum
crafts.museum
cranbrook.museum
creation.museum
cultural.museum
culturalcenter.museum
culture.museum
cyber.museum
cymru.museum
dali.museum
dallas.museum
database.museum
ddr.museum
decorativearts.museum
delaware.museum
delmenhorst.museum
denmark.museum
depot.museum
design.museum
detroit.museum
dinosaur.museum
discovery.museum
dolls.museum
donostia.museum
durham.museum
eastafrica.museum
eastcoast.museum
education.museum
educational.museum
egyptian.museum
eisenbahn.museum
elburg.museum
elvendrell.museum
embroidery.museum
encyclopedic.museum
england.museum
entomology.museum
environment.museum
environmentalconservation.museum
epilepsy.museum
essex.museum
estate.museum
ethnology.museum
exeter.museum
exhibition.museum
family.museum
farm.museum
farmequipment.museum
farmers.museum
farmstead.museum
field.museum
figueres.museum
filatelia.museum
film.museum
fineart.museum
finearts.museum
finland.museum
flanders.museum
florida.museum
force.museum
fortmissoula.museum
fortworth.museum
foundation.museum
francaise.museum
frankfurt.museum
franziskaner.museum
freemasonry.museum
freiburg.museum
fribourg.museum
frog.museum
fundacio.museum
furniture.museum
gallery.museum
garden.museum
gateway.museum
geelvinck.museum
gemological.museum
geology.museum
georgia.museum
giessen.museum
glas.museum
glass.museum
gorge.museum
grandrapids.museum
graz.museum
guernsey.museum
halloffame.museum
hamburg.museum
handson.museum
harvestcelebration.museum
hawaii.museum
health.museum
heimatunduhren.museum
hellas.museum
helsinki.museum
hembygdsforbund.museum
heritage.museum
histoire.museum
historical.museum
historicalsociety.museum
historichouses.museum
historisch.museum
historisches.museum
history.museum
historyofscience.museum
horology.museum
house.museum
humanities.museum
illustration.museum
imageandsound.museum
indian.museum
indiana.museum
indianapolis.museum
indianmarket.museum
intelligence.museum
interactive.museum
iraq.museum
iron.museum
isleofman.museum
jamison.museum
jefferson.museum
jerusalem.museum
jewelry.museum
jewish.museum
jewishart.museum
jfk.museum
journalism.museum
judaica.museum
judygarland.museum
juedisches.museum
juif.museum
karate.museum
karikatur.museum
kids.museum
koebenhavn.museum
koeln.museum
kunst.museum
kunstsammlung.museum
kunstunddesign.museum
labor.museum
labour.museum
lajolla.museum
lancashire.museum
landes.museum
lans.museum
läns.museum
larsson.museum
lewismiller.museum
lincoln.museum
linz.museum
living.museum
livinghistory.museum
localhistory.museum
london.museum
losangeles.museum
louvre.museum
loyalist.museum
lucerne.museum
luxembourg.museum
luzern.museum
mad.museum
madrid.museum
mallorca.museum
manchester.museum
mansion.museum
mansions.museum
manx.museum
marburg.museum
maritime.museum
maritimo.museum
maryland.museum
marylhurst.museum
media.museum
medical.museum
medizinhistorisches.museum
meeres.museum
memorial.museum
mesaverde.museum
michigan.museum
midatlantic.museum
military.museum
mill.museum
miners.museum
mining.museum
minnesota.museum
missile.museum
missoula.museum
modern.museum
moma.museum
money.museum
monmouth.museum
monticello.museum
montreal.museum
moscow.museum
motorcycle.museum
muenchen.museum
muenster.museum
mulhouse.museum
muncie.museum
museet.museum
museumcenter.museum
museumvereniging.museum
music.museum
national.museum
nationalfirearms.museum
nationalheritage.museum
nativeamerican.museum
naturalhistory.museum
naturalhistorymuseum.museum
naturalsciences.museum
nature.museum
naturhistorisches.museum
natuurwetenschappen.museum
naumburg.museum
naval.museum
nebraska.museum
neues.museum
newhampshire.museum
newjersey.museum
newmexico.museum
newport.museum
newspaper.museum
newyork.museum
niepce.museum
norfolk.museum
north.museum
nrw.museum
nyc.museum
nyny.museum
oceanographic.museum
oceanographique.museum
omaha.museum
online.museum
ontario.museum
openair.museum
oregon.museum
oregontrail.museum
otago.museum
oxford.museum
pacific.museum
paderborn.museum
palace.museum
paleo.museum
palmsprings.museum
panama.museum
paris.museum
pasadena.museum
pharmacy.museum
philadelphia.museum
philadelphiaarea.museum
philately.museum
phoenix.museum
photography.museum
pilots.museum
pittsburgh.museum
planetarium.museum
plantation.museum
plants.museum
plaza.museum
portal.museum
portland.museum
portlligat.museum
posts-and-telecommunications.museum
preservation.museum
presidio.museum
press.museum
project.museum
public.museum
pubol.museum
quebec.museum
railroad.museum
railway.museum
research.museum
resistance.museum
riodejaneiro.museum
rochester.museum
rockart.museum
roma.museum
russia.museum
saintlouis.museum
salem.museum
salvadordali.museum
salzburg.museum
sandiego.museum
sanfrancisco.museum
santabarbara.museum
santacruz.museum
santafe.museum
saskatchewan.museum
satx.museum
savannahga.museum
schlesisches.museum
schoenbrunn.museum
schokoladen.museum
school.museum
schweiz.museum
science.museum
scienceandhistory.museum
scienceandindustry.museum
sciencecenter.museum
sciencecenters.museum
science-fiction.museum
sciencehistory.museum
sciences.museum
sciencesnaturelles.museum
scotland.museum
seaport.museum
settlement.museum
settlers.museum
shell.museum
sherbrooke.museum
sibenik.museum
silk.museum
ski.museum
skole.museum
society.museum
sologne.museum
soundandvision.museum
southcarolina.museum
southwest.museum
space.museum
spy.museum
square.museum
stadt.museum
stalbans.museum
starnberg.museum
state.museum
stateofdelaware.museum
station.museum
steam.museum
steiermark.museum
stjohn.museum
stockholm.museum
stpetersburg.museum
stuttgart.museum
suisse.museum
surgeonshall.museum
surrey.museum
svizzera.museum
sweden.museum
sydney.museum
tank.museum
tcm.museum
technology.museum
telekommunikation.museum
television.museum
texas.museum
textile.museum
theater.museum
time.museum
timekeeping.museum
topology.museum
torino.museum
touch.museum
town.museum
transport.museum
tree.museum
trolley.museum
trust.museum
trustee.museum
uhren.museum
ulm.museum
undersea.museum
university.museum
usa.museum
usantiques.museum
usarts.museum
uscountryestate.museum
usculture.museum
usdecorativearts.museum
usgarden.museum
ushistory.museum
ushuaia.museum
uslivinghistory.museum
utah.museum
uvic.museum
valley.museum
vantaa.museum
versailles.museum
viking.museum
village.museum
virginia.museum
virtual.museum
virtuel.museum
vlaanderen.museum
volkenkunde.museum
wales.museum
wallonie.museum
war.museum
washingtondc.museum
watchandclock.museum
watch-and-clock.museum
western.museum
westfalen.museum
whaling.museum
wildlife.museum
williamsburg.museum
windmill.museum
workshop.museum
york.museum
yorkshire.museum
yosemite.museum
youth.museum
zoological.museum
zoology.museum
ירושלים.museum
иком.museum

// mv : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mv
// "mv" included because, contra Wikipedia, google.mv exists.
mv
aero.mv
biz.mv
com.mv
coop.mv
edu.mv
gov.mv
info.mv
int.mv
mil.mv
museum.mv
name.mv
net.mv
org.mv
pro.mv

// mw : http://www.registrar.mw/
mw
ac.mw
biz.mw
co.mw
com.mw
coop.mw
edu.mw
gov.mw
int.mw
museum.mw
net.mw
org.mw

// mx : http://www.nic.mx/
// Submitted by registry <farias@nic.mx>
mx
com.mx
org.mx
gob.mx
edu.mx
net.mx

// my : http://www.mynic.net.my/
my
com.my
net.my
org.my
gov.my
edu.my
mil.my
name.my

// mz : http://www.uem.mz/
// Submitted by registry <antonio@uem.mz>
mz
ac.mz
adv.mz
co.mz
edu.mz
gov.mz
mil.mz
net.mz
org.mz

// na : http://www.na-nic.com.na/
// http://www.info.na/domain/
na
info.na
pro.na
name.na
school.na
or.na
dr.na
us.na
mx.na
ca.na
in.na
cc.na
tv.na
ws.na
mobi.na
co.na
com.na
org.na

// name : has 2nd-level tlds, but there's no list of them
name

// nc : http://www.cctld.nc/
nc
asso.nc
nom.nc

// ne : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ne
ne

// net : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.net
net

// nf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nf
nf
com.nf
net.nf
per.nf
rec.nf
web.nf
arts.nf
firm.nf
info.nf
other.nf
store.nf

// ng : http://www.nira.org.ng/index.php/join-us/register-ng-domain/189-nira-slds
ng
com.ng
edu.ng
gov.ng
i.ng
mil.ng
mobi.ng
name.ng
net.ng
org.ng
sch.ng

// ni : http://www.nic.ni/
ni
ac.ni
biz.ni
co.ni
com.ni
edu.ni
gob.ni
in.ni
info.ni
int.ni
mil.ni
net.ni
nom.ni
org.ni
web.ni

// nl : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nl
//      https://www.sidn.nl/
//      ccTLD for the Netherlands
nl

// no : http://www.norid.no/regelverk/index.en.html
// The Norwegian registry has declined to notify us of updates. The web pages
// referenced below are the official source of the data. There is also an
// announce mailing list:
// https://postlister.uninett.no/sympa/info/norid-diskusjon
no
// Norid generic domains : http://www.norid.no/regelverk/vedlegg-c.en.html
fhs.no
vgs.no
fylkesbibl.no
folkebibl.no
museum.no
idrett.no
priv.no
// Non-Norid generic domains : http://www.norid.no/regelverk/vedlegg-d.en.html
mil.no
stat.no
dep.no
kommune.no
herad.no
// no geographical names : http://www.norid.no/regelverk/vedlegg-b.en.html
// counties
aa.no
ah.no
bu.no
fm.no
hl.no
hm.no
jan-mayen.no
mr.no
nl.no
nt.no
of.no
ol.no
oslo.no
rl.no
sf.no
st.no
svalbard.no
tm.no
tr.no
va.no
vf.no
// primary and lower secondary schools per county
gs.aa.no
gs.ah.no
gs.bu.no
gs.fm.no
gs.hl.no
gs.hm.no
gs.jan-mayen.no
gs.mr.no
gs.nl.no
gs.nt.no
gs.of.no
gs.ol.no
gs.oslo.no
gs.rl.no
gs.sf.no
gs.st.no
gs.svalbard.no
gs.tm.no
gs.tr.no
gs.va.no
gs.vf.no
// cities
akrehamn.no
åkrehamn.no
algard.no
ålgård.no
arna.no
brumunddal.no
bryne.no
bronnoysund.no
brønnøysund.no
drobak.no
drøbak.no
egersund.no
fetsund.no
floro.no
florø.no
fredrikstad.no
hokksund.no
honefoss.no
hønefoss.no
jessheim.no
jorpeland.no
jørpeland.no
kirkenes.no
kopervik.no
krokstadelva.no
langevag.no
langevåg.no
leirvik.no
mjondalen.no
mjøndalen.no
mo-i-rana.no
mosjoen.no
mosjøen.no
nesoddtangen.no
orkanger.no
osoyro.no
osøyro.no
raholt.no
råholt.no
sandnessjoen.no
sandnessjøen.no
skedsmokorset.no
slattum.no
spjelkavik.no
stathelle.no
stavern.no
stjordalshalsen.no
stjørdalshalsen.no
tananger.no
tranby.no
vossevangen.no
// communities
afjord.no
åfjord.no
agdenes.no
al.no
ål.no
alesund.no
ålesund.no
alstahaug.no
alta.no
áltá.no
alaheadju.no
álaheadju.no
alvdal.no
amli.no
åmli.no
amot.no
åmot.no
andebu.no
andoy.no
andøy.no
andasuolo.no
ardal.no
årdal.no
aremark.no
arendal.no
ås.no
aseral.no
åseral.no
asker.no
askim.no
askvoll.no
askoy.no
askøy.no
asnes.no
åsnes.no
audnedaln.no
aukra.no
aure.no
aurland.no
aurskog-holand.no
aurskog-høland.no
austevoll.no
austrheim.no
averoy.no
averøy.no
balestrand.no
ballangen.no
balat.no
bálát.no
balsfjord.no
bahccavuotna.no
báhccavuotna.no
bamble.no
bardu.no
beardu.no
beiarn.no
bajddar.no
bájddar.no
baidar.no
báidár.no
berg.no
bergen.no
berlevag.no
berlevåg.no
bearalvahki.no
bearalváhki.no
bindal.no
birkenes.no
bjarkoy.no
bjarkøy.no
bjerkreim.no
bjugn.no
bodo.no
bodø.no
badaddja.no
bådåddjå.no
budejju.no
bokn.no
bremanger.no
bronnoy.no
brønnøy.no
bygland.no
bykle.no
barum.no
bærum.no
bo.telemark.no
bø.telemark.no
bo.nordland.no
bø.nordland.no
bievat.no
bievát.no
bomlo.no
bømlo.no
batsfjord.no
båtsfjord.no
bahcavuotna.no
báhcavuotna.no
dovre.no
drammen.no
drangedal.no
dyroy.no
dyrøy.no
donna.no
dønna.no
eid.no
eidfjord.no
eidsberg.no
eidskog.no
eidsvoll.no
eigersund.no
elverum.no
enebakk.no
engerdal.no
etne.no
etnedal.no
evenes.no
evenassi.no
evenášši.no
evje-og-hornnes.no
farsund.no
fauske.no
fuossko.no
fuoisku.no
fedje.no
fet.no
finnoy.no
finnøy.no
fitjar.no
fjaler.no
fjell.no
flakstad.no
flatanger.no
flekkefjord.no
flesberg.no
flora.no
fla.no
flå.no
folldal.no
forsand.no
fosnes.no
frei.no
frogn.no
froland.no
frosta.no
frana.no
fræna.no
froya.no
frøya.no
fusa.no
fyresdal.no
forde.no
førde.no
gamvik.no
gangaviika.no
gáŋgaviika.no
gaular.no
gausdal.no
gildeskal.no
gildeskål.no
giske.no
gjemnes.no
gjerdrum.no
gjerstad.no
gjesdal.no
gjovik.no
gjøvik.no
gloppen.no
gol.no
gran.no
grane.no
granvin.no
gratangen.no
grimstad.no
grong.no
kraanghke.no
kråanghke.no
grue.no
gulen.no
hadsel.no
halden.no
halsa.no
hamar.no
hamaroy.no
habmer.no
hábmer.no
hapmir.no
hápmir.no
hammerfest.no
hammarfeasta.no
hámmárfeasta.no
haram.no
hareid.no
harstad.no
hasvik.no
aknoluokta.no
ákŋoluokta.no
hattfjelldal.no
aarborte.no
haugesund.no
hemne.no
hemnes.no
hemsedal.no
heroy.more-og-romsdal.no
herøy.møre-og-romsdal.no
heroy.nordland.no
herøy.nordland.no
hitra.no
hjartdal.no
hjelmeland.no
hobol.no
hobøl.no
hof.no
hol.no
hole.no
holmestrand.no
holtalen.no
holtålen.no
hornindal.no
horten.no
hurdal.no
hurum.no
hvaler.no
hyllestad.no
hagebostad.no
hægebostad.no
hoyanger.no
høyanger.no
hoylandet.no
høylandet.no
ha.no
hå.no
ibestad.no
inderoy.no
inderøy.no
iveland.no
jevnaker.no
jondal.no
jolster.no
jølster.no
karasjok.no
karasjohka.no
kárášjohka.no
karlsoy.no
galsa.no
gálsá.no
karmoy.no
karmøy.no
kautokeino.no
guovdageaidnu.no
klepp.no
klabu.no
klæbu.no
kongsberg.no
kongsvinger.no
kragero.no
kragerø.no
kristiansand.no
kristiansund.no
krodsherad.no
krødsherad.no
kvalsund.no
rahkkeravju.no
ráhkkerávju.no
kvam.no
kvinesdal.no
kvinnherad.no
kviteseid.no
kvitsoy.no
kvitsøy.no
kvafjord.no
kvæfjord.no
giehtavuoatna.no
kvanangen.no
kvænangen.no
navuotna.no
návuotna.no
kafjord.no
kåfjord.no
gaivuotna.no
gáivuotna.no
larvik.no
lavangen.no
lavagis.no
loabat.no
loabát.no
lebesby.no
davvesiida.no
leikanger.no
leirfjord.no
leka.no
leksvik.no
lenvik.no
leangaviika.no
leaŋgaviika.no
lesja.no
levanger.no
lier.no
lierne.no
lillehammer.no
lillesand.no
lindesnes.no
lindas.no
lindås.no
lom.no
loppa.no
lahppi.no
láhppi.no
lund.no
lunner.no
luroy.no
lurøy.no
luster.no
lyngdal.no
lyngen.no
ivgu.no
lardal.no
lerdal.no
lærdal.no
lodingen.no
lødingen.no
lorenskog.no
lørenskog.no
loten.no
løten.no
malvik.no
masoy.no
måsøy.no
muosat.no
muosát.no
mandal.no
marker.no
marnardal.no
masfjorden.no
meland.no
meldal.no
melhus.no
meloy.no
meløy.no
meraker.no
meråker.no
moareke.no
moåreke.no
midsund.no
midtre-gauldal.no
modalen.no
modum.no
molde.no
moskenes.no
moss.no
mosvik.no
malselv.no
målselv.no
malatvuopmi.no
málatvuopmi.no
namdalseid.no
aejrie.no
namsos.no
namsskogan.no
naamesjevuemie.no
nååmesjevuemie.no
laakesvuemie.no
nannestad.no
narvik.no
narviika.no
naustdal.no
nedre-eiker.no
nes.akershus.no
nes.buskerud.no
nesna.no
nesodden.no
nesseby.no
unjarga.no
unjárga.no
nesset.no
nissedal.no
nittedal.no
nord-aurdal.no
nord-fron.no
nord-odal.no
norddal.no
nordkapp.no
davvenjarga.no
davvenjárga.no
nordre-land.no
nordreisa.no
raisa.no
ráisa.no
nore-og-uvdal.no
notodden.no
naroy.no
nærøy.no
notteroy.no
nøtterøy.no
odda.no
oksnes.no
øksnes.no
oppdal.no
oppegard.no
oppegård.no
orkdal.no
orland.no
ørland.no
orskog.no
ørskog.no
orsta.no
ørsta.no
os.hedmark.no
os.hordaland.no
osen.no
osteroy.no
osterøy.no
ostre-toten.no
østre-toten.no
overhalla.no
ovre-eiker.no
øvre-eiker.no
oyer.no
øyer.no
oygarden.no
øygarden.no
oystre-slidre.no
øystre-slidre.no
porsanger.no
porsangu.no
porsáŋgu.no
porsgrunn.no
radoy.no
radøy.no
rakkestad.no
rana.no
ruovat.no
randaberg.no
rauma.no
rendalen.no
rennebu.no
rennesoy.no
rennesøy.no
rindal.no
ringebu.no
ringerike.no
ringsaker.no
rissa.no
risor.no
risør.no
roan.no
rollag.no
rygge.no
ralingen.no
rælingen.no
rodoy.no
rødøy.no
romskog.no
rømskog.no
roros.no
røros.no
rost.no
røst.no
royken.no
røyken.no
royrvik.no
røyrvik.no
rade.no
råde.no
salangen.no
siellak.no
saltdal.no
salat.no
sálát.no
sálat.no
samnanger.no
sande.more-og-romsdal.no
sande.møre-og-romsdal.no
sande.vestfold.no
sandefjord.no
sandnes.no
sandoy.no
sandøy.no
sarpsborg.no
sauda.no
sauherad.no
sel.no
selbu.no
selje.no
seljord.no
sigdal.no
siljan.no
sirdal.no
skaun.no
skedsmo.no
ski.no
skien.no
skiptvet.no
skjervoy.no
skjervøy.no
skierva.no
skiervá.no
skjak.no
skjåk.no
skodje.no
skanland.no
skånland.no
skanit.no
skánit.no
smola.no
smøla.no
snillfjord.no
snasa.no
snåsa.no
snoasa.no
snaase.no
snåase.no
sogndal.no
sokndal.no
sola.no
solund.no
songdalen.no
sortland.no
spydeberg.no
stange.no
stavanger.no
steigen.no
steinkjer.no
stjordal.no
stjørdal.no
stokke.no
stor-elvdal.no
stord.no
stordal.no
storfjord.no
omasvuotna.no
strand.no
stranda.no
stryn.no
sula.no
suldal.no
sund.no
sunndal.no
surnadal.no
sveio.no
svelvik.no
sykkylven.no
sogne.no
søgne.no
somna.no
sømna.no
sondre-land.no
søndre-land.no
sor-aurdal.no
sør-aurdal.no
sor-fron.no
sør-fron.no
sor-odal.no
sør-odal.no
sor-varanger.no
sør-varanger.no
matta-varjjat.no
mátta-várjjat.no
sorfold.no
sørfold.no
sorreisa.no
sørreisa.no
sorum.no
sørum.no
tana.no
deatnu.no
time.no
tingvoll.no
tinn.no
tjeldsund.no
dielddanuorri.no
tjome.no
tjøme.no
tokke.no
tolga.no
torsken.no
tranoy.no
tranøy.no
tromso.no
tromsø.no
tromsa.no
romsa.no
trondheim.no
troandin.no
trysil.no
trana.no
træna.no
trogstad.no
trøgstad.no
tvedestrand.no
tydal.no
tynset.no
tysfjord.no
divtasvuodna.no
divttasvuotna.no
tysnes.no
tysvar.no
tysvær.no
tonsberg.no
tønsberg.no
ullensaker.no
ullensvang.no
ulvik.no
utsira.no
vadso.no
vadsø.no
cahcesuolo.no
čáhcesuolo.no
vaksdal.no
valle.no
vang.no
vanylven.no
vardo.no
vardø.no
varggat.no
várggát.no
vefsn.no
vaapste.no
vega.no
vegarshei.no
vegårshei.no
vennesla.no
verdal.no
verran.no
vestby.no
vestnes.no
vestre-slidre.no
vestre-toten.no
vestvagoy.no
vestvågøy.no
vevelstad.no
vik.no
vikna.no
vindafjord.no
volda.no
voss.no
varoy.no
værøy.no
vagan.no
vågan.no
voagat.no
vagsoy.no
vågsøy.no
vaga.no
vågå.no
valer.ostfold.no
våler.østfold.no
valer.hedmark.no
våler.hedmark.no

// np : http://www.mos.com.np/register.html
*.np

// nr : http://cenpac.net.nr/dns/index.html
// Submitted by registry <technician@cenpac.net.nr>
nr
biz.nr
info.nr
gov.nr
edu.nr
org.nr
net.nr
com.nr

// nu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nu
nu

// nz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nz
// Submitted by registry <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
nz
ac.nz
co.nz
cri.nz
geek.nz
gen.nz
govt.nz
health.nz
iwi.nz
kiwi.nz
maori.nz
mil.nz
māori.nz
net.nz
org.nz
parliament.nz
school.nz

// om : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.om
om
co.om
com.om
edu.om
gov.om
med.om
museum.om
net.om
org.om
pro.om

// onion : https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7686
onion

// org : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.org
org

// pa : http://www.nic.pa/
// Some additional second level "domains" resolve directly as hostnames, such as
// pannet.pa, so we add a rule for "pa".
pa
ac.pa
gob.pa
com.pa
org.pa
sld.pa
edu.pa
net.pa
ing.pa
abo.pa
med.pa
nom.pa

// pe : https://www.nic.pe/InformeFinalComision.pdf
pe
edu.pe
gob.pe
nom.pe
mil.pe
org.pe
com.pe
net.pe

// pf : http://www.gobin.info/domainname/formulaire-pf.pdf
pf
com.pf
org.pf
edu.pf

// pg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pg
*.pg

// ph : http://www.domains.ph/FAQ2.asp
// Submitted by registry <jed@email.com.ph>
ph
com.ph
net.ph
org.ph
gov.ph
edu.ph
ngo.ph
mil.ph
i.ph

// pk : http://pk5.pknic.net.pk/pk5/msgNamepk.PK
pk
com.pk
net.pk
edu.pk
org.pk
fam.pk
biz.pk
web.pk
gov.pk
gob.pk
gok.pk
gon.pk
gop.pk
gos.pk
info.pk

// pl http://www.dns.pl/english/index.html
// Submitted by registry
pl
com.pl
net.pl
org.pl
// pl functional domains (http://www.dns.pl/english/index.html)
aid.pl
agro.pl
atm.pl
auto.pl
biz.pl
edu.pl
gmina.pl
gsm.pl
info.pl
mail.pl
miasta.pl
media.pl
mil.pl
nieruchomosci.pl
nom.pl
pc.pl
powiat.pl
priv.pl
realestate.pl
rel.pl
sex.pl
shop.pl
sklep.pl
sos.pl
szkola.pl
targi.pl
tm.pl
tourism.pl
travel.pl
turystyka.pl
// Government domains
gov.pl
ap.gov.pl
ic.gov.pl
is.gov.pl
us.gov.pl
kmpsp.gov.pl
kppsp.gov.pl
kwpsp.gov.pl
psp.gov.pl
wskr.gov.pl
kwp.gov.pl
mw.gov.pl
ug.gov.pl
um.gov.pl
umig.gov.pl
ugim.gov.pl
upow.gov.pl
uw.gov.pl
starostwo.gov.pl
pa.gov.pl
po.gov.pl
psse.gov.pl
pup.gov.pl
rzgw.gov.pl
sa.gov.pl
so.gov.pl
sr.gov.pl
wsa.gov.pl
sko.gov.pl
uzs.gov.pl
wiih.gov.pl
winb.gov.pl
pinb.gov.pl
wios.gov.pl
witd.gov.pl
wzmiuw.gov.pl
piw.gov.pl
wiw.gov.pl
griw.gov.pl
wif.gov.pl
oum.gov.pl
sdn.gov.pl
zp.gov.pl
uppo.gov.pl
mup.gov.pl
wuoz.gov.pl
konsulat.gov.pl
oirm.gov.pl
// pl regional domains (http://www.dns.pl/english/index.html)
augustow.pl
babia-gora.pl
bedzin.pl
beskidy.pl
bialowieza.pl
bialystok.pl
bielawa.pl
bieszczady.pl
boleslawiec.pl
bydgoszcz.pl
bytom.pl
cieszyn.pl
czeladz.pl
czest.pl
dlugoleka.pl
elblag.pl
elk.pl
glogow.pl
gniezno.pl
gorlice.pl
grajewo.pl
ilawa.pl
jaworzno.pl
jelenia-gora.pl
jgora.pl
kalisz.pl
kazimierz-dolny.pl
karpacz.pl
kartuzy.pl
kaszuby.pl
katowice.pl
kepno.pl
ketrzyn.pl
klodzko.pl
kobierzyce.pl
kolobrzeg.pl
konin.pl
konskowola.pl
kutno.pl
lapy.pl
lebork.pl
legnica.pl
lezajsk.pl
limanowa.pl
lomza.pl
lowicz.pl
lubin.pl
lukow.pl
malbork.pl
malopolska.pl
mazowsze.pl
mazury.pl
mielec.pl
mielno.pl
mragowo.pl
naklo.pl
nowaruda.pl
nysa.pl
olawa.pl
olecko.pl
olkusz.pl
olsztyn.pl
opoczno.pl
opole.pl
ostroda.pl
ostroleka.pl
ostrowiec.pl
ostrowwlkp.pl
pila.pl
pisz.pl
podhale.pl
podlasie.pl
polkowice.pl
pomorze.pl
pomorskie.pl
prochowice.pl
pruszkow.pl
przeworsk.pl
pulawy.pl
radom.pl
rawa-maz.pl
rybnik.pl
rzeszow.pl
sanok.pl
sejny.pl
slask.pl
slupsk.pl
sosnowiec.pl
stalowa-wola.pl
skoczow.pl
starachowice.pl
stargard.pl
suwalki.pl
swidnica.pl
swiebodzin.pl
swinoujscie.pl
szczecin.pl
szczytno.pl
tarnobrzeg.pl
tgory.pl
turek.pl
tychy.pl
ustka.pl
walbrzych.pl
warmia.pl
warszawa.pl
waw.pl
wegrow.pl
wielun.pl
wlocl.pl
wloclawek.pl
wodzislaw.pl
wolomin.pl
wroclaw.pl
zachpomor.pl
zagan.pl
zarow.pl
zgora.pl
zgorzelec.pl

// pm : http://www.afnic.fr/medias/documents/AFNIC-naming-policy2012.pdf
pm

// pn : http://www.government.pn/PnRegistry/policies.htm
pn
gov.pn
co.pn
org.pn
edu.pn
net.pn

// post : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.post
post

// pr : http://www.nic.pr/index.asp?f=1
pr
com.pr
net.pr
org.pr
gov.pr
edu.pr
isla.pr
pro.pr
biz.pr
info.pr
name.pr
// these aren't mentioned on nic.pr, but on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pr
est.pr
prof.pr
ac.pr

// pro : http://registry.pro/get-pro
pro
aaa.pro
aca.pro
acct.pro
avocat.pro
bar.pro
cpa.pro
eng.pro
jur.pro
law.pro
med.pro
recht.pro

// ps : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ps
// http://www.nic.ps/registration/policy.html#reg
ps
edu.ps
gov.ps
sec.ps
plo.ps
com.ps
org.ps
net.ps

// pt : http://online.dns.pt/dns/start_dns
pt
net.pt
gov.pt
org.pt
edu.pt
int.pt
publ.pt
com.pt
nome.pt

// pw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pw
pw
co.pw
ne.pw
or.pw
ed.pw
go.pw
belau.pw

// py : http://www.nic.py/pautas.html#seccion_9
// Submitted by registry
py
com.py
coop.py
edu.py
gov.py
mil.py
net.py
org.py

// qa : http://domains.qa/en/
qa
com.qa
edu.qa
gov.qa
mil.qa
name.qa
net.qa
org.qa
sch.qa

// re : http://www.afnic.re/obtenir/chartes/nommage-re/annexe-descriptifs
re
asso.re
com.re
nom.re

// ro : http://www.rotld.ro/
ro
arts.ro
com.ro
firm.ro
info.ro
nom.ro
nt.ro
org.ro
rec.ro
store.ro
tm.ro
www.ro

// rs : https://www.rnids.rs/en/domains/national-domains
rs
ac.rs
co.rs
edu.rs
gov.rs
in.rs
org.rs

// ru : https://cctld.ru/files/pdf/docs/en/rules_ru-rf.pdf
// Submitted by George Georgievsky <gug@cctld.ru>
ru

// rw : https://www.ricta.org.rw/sites/default/files/resources/registry_registrar_contract_0.pdf
rw
ac.rw
co.rw
coop.rw
gov.rw
mil.rw
net.rw
org.rw

// sa : http://www.nic.net.sa/
sa
com.sa
net.sa
org.sa
gov.sa
med.sa
pub.sa
edu.sa
sch.sa

// sb : http://www.sbnic.net.sb/
// Submitted by registry <lee.humphries@telekom.com.sb>
sb
com.sb
edu.sb
gov.sb
net.sb
org.sb

// sc : http://www.nic.sc/
sc
com.sc
gov.sc
net.sc
org.sc
edu.sc